Figure 4.

Bees learn multimodal stimuli in fewer visits when the visual and scent patterns match, when compared with mixed patterns that are in conflict with each other. Plot shows mean number of landings required (±s.e.) to reach the learning criteria for training flowers showing the three types of scent pattern and either visual circles (unfilled white bars) or visual crosses (filled grey bars). Separation of interaction means were compared using a least-squares test, and letters denote means that did not differ (p ≥ 0.05).