Table 1.
Characteristics of the 19 studies included in the meta-analysis.
| First author/year | Population | Assay type | Sample size (n) | Age (years) | SD | No. of males | Follow-up (days) | Variables in multivariate model | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hoshino/2017 | Patients with sepsis | STACIA bio-chemical automated clinical testing system (Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corp, Tokyo, Japan) | 186 | / | / | 115 | 28 | Survivors and non-survivors of sepsis | (19) |
| Koyama/2014 | Patients with sepsis in ICU | tPAI latex photometric immuno-assay (Mitsubishi Chemical Medience, Tokyo, Japan) | 77 | 69.9 | 12.9 | 42 | 28 | Patients with or without septic shock | (14) |
| Lorente/2014 | ICU patients with severe sepsis | ELISA (American Diagnostica, Inc., Stanford, CT, USA) | 260 | 59.4 | / | 170 | 30 | Survivors and non-survivors of sepsis | (15) |
| Prakash/2015 | Sepsis patients with organ failure | Activated human PAI-1 functional assay (Molecular Innovations, Novi, Mich) | 77 | 66.2 | / | 41 | 3 | Survivors of sepsis and septic shock | (18) |
| Panigada/2015 | ICU patients with severe sepsis/septic shock | ELISA kit (HYPHEN Biomed France) | 40 | 61 | / | 24 | 1 | Survivors of sepsis and patients without septic shock | (17) |
| Lorente/2014 | ICU patients with severe sepsis | ELISA (American Diagnostica, Inc., Stanford, CT, USA) | 295 | 60.7 | / | 100 | 8 | Survivors and non-survivors of sepsis | (16) |
| Seki/2013 | Patients with sepsis | PAI-1 latex immune agglutination test (Mitsubishi Chemical Medicine Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) | 242 | 71 | / | 157 | 28 | Survivors and non-survivors of sepsis, and patients with or without septic shock | (13) |
| Jalkanen/2012 | Mechanically ventilated patients in ICU | ELISA (BioVendor GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) | 454 | 64 | / | 311 | 90 | Survivors and non-survivors of sepsis | (12) |
| Perés Wingeyer/2011 | Caucasian adults with/without sepsis in ICU | Chromogenic analysis (Diagnostica Stago, France) | 166 | / | / | 94 | / | Survivors and non-survivors of sepsis | (11) |
| Schuetz/2011 | Patients in A&E with an episode of hypertension | Human cardiovascular-1 panel (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) | 116 | 60 | 16.7 | 67 | In hospital only | Patients with or without septic shock | (10) |
| Mauri/2010 | Patients with severe sepsis or septic shock | Sandwich ELISA assay | 90 | 61 | 15 | 56 | 90 | Survivors and non-survivors of sepsis | (7) |
| Tsantes/2010 | Patients with severe sepsis or septic shock | Automated coagulation analysis (Behring Coagulation System, Marburg, Germany) with reagents (Berichrom PAI; Dade Behring, Milton Keynes, UK), protocols from the manufacturer | 73 | 62.5 | 18.1 | 46 | 90 | Survivors and non-survivors of sepsis, and patients with or without septic shock | (20) |
| Shapiro/2010 | Patients with clinical suspicion of infection | Human cardiovascular-panel (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) | 221 | 58 | 19 | 106 | 3 | Patients with or without septic shock | (8) |
| Wagenaar/2010 | Patients with severe leptospirosis | ELISA (HYPHEN Biomed France) | 52 | 45 | / | 37 | 5 | Survivors and non-survivors of sepsis | (9) |
| Wiersinga/2008 | Patients with culture proven septic melioidosis | ELISA (TintElize PAI-1, Biopool, Umea, Sweden) | 34 | 52 | / | 26 | / | Survivors and non-survivors of sepsis | (6) |
| Zeerleder/2005 | Patients with sepsis and septic shock | ELISA (Milan Analytica, La Roche, Switzerland) | 42 | / | / | 32 | In hospital only | Patients with or without septic, and patients with septic shock | (5) |
| Prabhakaran/2003 | Patients with acute lung injury and sepsis | Sandwich ELISA (American Diagnostica, Greenwich, CT) | 26 | / | / | 14 | In hospital only | Survivors of sepsis, and patients with septic shock | (3) |
| Okabayashi/2004 | ICU patients | tPAIc test (Kokusai-Shiyaku) | 1,789 | 60.9 | 6.9 | 48 | / | Survivors and non-survivors of sepsis, and patients with or without septic shock | (4) |
| Raaphorst/2001 | Patients with fever | ELISA | 300 | / | / | 153 | 28 | Survivors and non-survivors of sepsis, and patients with or without septic shock | (2) |