Table 1.
The characteristics of different type PSCs.
| Activated PSCs | Quiescent PSCs | |
|---|---|---|
| α-SMA | Yes | No |
| Vitamin A lipid droplets | No | Yes |
| Vimentin | Less | More |
| Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) | Less | More |
| Desmin | Less | More |
| Migration | Enhanced | Limited |
| Proliferation | Enhanced | Limited |
| Extracellular matrix production | Enhanced | Limited |
| Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases; (TIMPs) | Loss of balance between MMPs and TIMPs | Secrete MMPs and TIMPs |
| Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors | Secrete various cytokines, chemokines and growth factors (PDGF, TGFβ, CTGF, IL1,IL6, IL15) | No or limited secretion of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors |
| Functions | Contribute to the fibrosis and hypoxic tumor microenvironment | Involved in maintenance of pancreatic tissue architecture |
| Involved in angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition | Function as an immune, progenitor and intermediary cell |