Table 3.

Summary of effects of aluminum on NO₃^- uptake: (-) inhibition, (+) stimulation, and (0) no change.

Taxon	Al (μM)	NO3- (mM)	Al duration	Effects	Reference
Triticum aestivum	111	3.5	29 days	-	Fleming, 1983
Trifolium repens	25–100	0.7	21 days	-	Jarvis and Hatch, 1986
Sorghum bicolor	55–370	0.1–14	15 h–36 days	-	Keltjens, 1987, 1988; Keltjens and van Ulden, 1987; Cambraia et al., 1989; Galvez and Clark, 1991
Pinus rigida	200	2–4	42 days	-	Cumming, 1990a
Picea abies	37–1483	1	14 days	-	Peuke and Tischner, 1991
Zea mays	5–166	0.2–0.6	1.5 h–7 days	-	Durieux et al., 1993, 1995; Calba and Jaillard, 1997; Purcino et al., 2003
Glycine max	80	0.3	30 m–2 h	-	Lazof et al., 1994
Triticosecale	185, 370	1.6–12	4–7 days	-	Antunes and Antonieta Nunes, 1997; Domingues, 2010
Musa spp.	78.5	1.8	40 days	-	Rufyikiri et al., 2001
Lotus japonicus	102–104	0.15	24 h	-	Pal’ove-Balang and Mistrík, 2007
Lotus corniculatus	103	0.15	72 h	-	Pal’ove-Balang and Zelinova, 2013
Oryza sativa	50	2.86	24–96 h	-	Zhou et al., 2016
Broadleaf trees	600	3.5	3 h	-	Burnham et al., 2017b
Camellia sinensis	400	3.6	24 h	0	Morita et al., 1998
Glycine max	56	1.4	14 h	+	Klotz and Horst, 1988b
Oryza sativa	0–1111	0.36	65 days	+ (<185 μM Al) or - (>185 μM Al)	van Hai et al., 1989
Hordeum vulgare	102	0.37	5 min	+	Nichol et al., 1993
Glycine max	0–45	0.3	72 h	+ (<10 μM Al) or - (>10 μM Al)	Rufty et al., 1995
Cucumis sativus	500, 103, 5 × 103	1	1–6 h	+ (0.5 mM Al exposure for 3 h) or - (1 mM or 5 mM Al exposure for 6 h)	Jerzykiewicz, 2001
Quercus serrata	103	2.8	3–14 days	+	Tomioka et al., 2007

^aStudy was conducted using sand culture irrigated with nutrient solutions. ^bStudy was conducted using soil culture. Studies not marked by superscript letters were conducted using hydroponic systems.