Table 5.
Summary of effects of aluminum on nitrate reductase activity: (-) inhibition, (+) stimulation, (0) no change and (N) not studied.
| Taxon | Al (μM) | Al duration | Effects | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Root | Shoot | ||||
| Sorghum bicolor | 50–185 | 5–30 days | - | - | Cambraia et al., 1989; Cruz et al., 2011a |
| Sorghum bicolor | 55–370 | 48 h–24 days | 0 | - | Keltjens and van Ulden, 1987; Keltjens, 1988 |
| Oryza sativa | 160–500 | 5–21 days | - | - | Ganesan et al., 1993; Justino et al., 2006; Mishra and Dubey, 2011a |
| Picea rubens | 37–370 | 2–42 days | - | N | Yandow and Klein, 1986 |
| Picea rubens | 200 | 10 weeks | - | 0 | Cumming and Brown, 1994a |
| Pinus rigida | 200 | 6 weeks | - | N | Cumming, 1990a |
| Lotus japonicus | 102–104 | 24 h | - | N | Pal’ove-Balang and Mistrík, 2007 |
| Zea mays | 5 × 104–2 × 105 | 15 days | N | - | Souza et al., 2016a |
| Helianthus annuus | 100 | 15 days | N | - | Ruiz et al., 2007 |
| Hordeum vulgare | 2 × 103–6 × 103 | 6 days | N | - | Shahnawaz et al., 2017 |
| Triticum aestivum | 19–111 | 20 | 0 | - (Al-sensitive genotype) or 0 (Al-tolerant genotype) | Foy and Fleming, 1982 |
| Mucuna pruriens | 110 | 4 weeks | N | 0 | Hairiah et al., 1994 |
| Oryza sativa | 80, 160 | 15 days | + (80 μM Al) or - (160 μM Al) | + (80 μM Al) or - (160 μM Al) | Sharma and Dubey, 2005a |
| Zea mays | 100 | 15 days | - or + (dependent on genotypes and N source) | N | Mihailovic et al., 2015 |
| Glycine max | 56 | 6 h–4 days | + or - (dependent on genotype and root distance) | N | Klotz and Horst, 1988b |
| Zea mays | 103 | 20 days | N | + | Lidon et al., 1998b |
| Triticum aestivum | 30 | 3 h | + | N | Sun et al., 2014 |
| Glycine max | 50, 100 | 24 h | + | N | Wang et al., 2017 |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | 50 | 6–24 h | + | N | Wang et al., 2010 |
| Quercus serrata | 103–2.5 × 103 | 1 h–14 days | + | N | Tomioka et al., 2007, 2012 |
| Cucumis sativus | 500, 103, 5 × 103 | 24 h | + | N | Jerzykiewicz, 2001 |
| Triticum aestivum, Triticale hexaploidae, and Secale cereale | 37–370 | 20 days | N | + (Triticum aestivum, and Triticale hexaploidae); - (Secale cereale) | Dinev and Stancheva, 1993 |
| Camellia sinensis | 300 | 14 days | + | + | Hajiboland et al., 2014 |
| Picea abies | 37–741 | 2–3 months | + (<37 μM Al) or - (>37 μM Al) | + | Peuke and Tischner, 1991 |
astudy was conducted using sand culture irrigated with nutrient solutions. bStudy was conducted using vermiculite culture irrigated with nutrient solutions. Other studies not marked with superscript letters were conducted using hydroponic systems.