Table 1.
Baseline characteristics. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
| Total (N = 86) | |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 74 ± 9 |
| Sex (M/F) | 61/25 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.3 ± 3 |
| Angina pectoris | 31 (36%) |
| Myocardial infarction | 22 (26%) |
| Silent myocardial ischemia | 15 (17%) |
| Non-ischemic heart failure | 18 (21%) |
| Post-cardiac surgery | 30 (35%) |
| Coronary risk factor | |
| Smoking | 50 (58%) |
| Hypertension | 54 (63%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 33 (38%) |
| Dyslipidemia | 52 (60%) |
| Family history | 16 (19%) |
| Medications | |
| ACE-I/ARB | 44 (51%) |
| Βeta-blocker | 58 (67%) |
| Diuretics | 63 (73%) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 25 (29%) |
| Inotropic agents | 0 (0%) |
| Blood exam | |
| Triglyceride (casual) (mg/dl) | 132 ± 55 |
| LDL-Chol (mg/dl) | 95 ± 32 |
| HDL-Chol (mg/dl) | 52 ± 15 |
| Blood glucose (casual) (mg/dl) | 130 ± 41 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.2 ± 0.8 |
| BNP (pg/ml) | 224 ± 303 |
| Hb (g/dl) | 12.3 ± 1.7 |
| Scr (mg/dl) | 1.2 ± 0.4 |
| eGFRcr (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 45.1 ± 12 |
| Scys (mg/l) | 1.5 ± 0.4 |
| eGFRcys (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 45.2 ± 11 |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 0.32 ± 0.55 |
| CKD severity with eGFRcys | |
| G3a | 51 (59%) |
| G3b | 24 (28%) |
| G4 | 11 (13%) |
| Echocardiography | |
| LVDd (mm) | 49 ± 8 |
| LVEF (%) | 50.8 ± 13 |
| LVEF < 40 (%) | 19 (22%) |
| 40 ≦ LVEF < 60 (%) | 41 (48%) |
| LVEF ≧ 60 (%) | 26 (30%) |
| E/e′ | 12.5 ± 5 |
| E/e′ < 8 | 13 (15%) |
| 8 ≦ E/e′ ≦ 14 | 50 (58%) |
| E/e′ > 14 | 23 (27%) |
| MR ≧ 3°/4 | 0 (0%) |
| CPX at the beginning of CR | |
| Pre exercise | |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 74 ± 15 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 132 ± 26 |
| Peak exercise | |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 117 ± 23 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 169 ± 30 |
| AT (ml/min/kg) | 10.6 ± 2 |
| Peak VO2 (ml/min/kg) | 15.0 ± 3 |
| Peak WR (watt) | 65.5 ± 21 |
| VE/VCO2 slope | 38.9 ± 7 |
| Peak RER | 1.2 ± 0.1 |
| Amount of exercise during CR at outpatient visit | |
| Session attendance (times/3 months) | 6.6 |
Abbreviations: Scr, serum creatinine concentration; eGFRcr, estimated glomerular filtration rate based on Scr; Scys, serum concentration of cystatin-C; eGFRcys, eGFR based on Scys; LVDd, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; E/e′, the ratio of the mitral peak velocity during early filling (E) to the early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e′); AT, anaerobic threshold; Peak VO2, peak oxygen uptake; Peak WR, peak work rate; VE/VCO2 slope, The slope of the relationship between the ventilation (VE) and VCO2 up until the respiratory compensation point; Peak RER, ratio of the carbon dioxide output and oxygen uptake at peak exercise.