Table 2.
Baseline characteristics.
| Characteristics | CG (n = 17) | LG (n = 16) | LEG (n = 17) | P-value ∗ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66 ± 9 | 67 ± 8 | 64 ± 8 | 0.71 |
| Sex (male/female, n) | 14/3 | 14/2 | 13/4 | 0.71 |
| Years of COPD | 12 ± 4 | 13 ± 4 | 12 ± 4 | 0.83 |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 22.65 ± 3.76 | 22.5 ± 3.41 | 23.12 ± 3.25 | 0.86 |
| Smoking history (yes/no, n) | 14/3 | 14/2 | 13/4 | 0.71 |
| Smoking status, n (%): | ||||
| Current smoker | 3/17.6% | 1/6.2% | 2/11.8% | 0.76 |
| Ex-smoker | 11/64.7% | 13/81.2% | 11/64.7% | |
| Never smoke | 3/17.6% | 2/12.5% | 4/23.5% | |
| Stage of COPD, n (%) | ||||
| Grade II | 13/76.5% | 11/68.8% | 13/76.5% | 0.85 |
| Grade III | 4/23.55 | 5/31.2% | 4/23.5% |
CG, control group; LG, Liuzijue exercise group; LEG, Liuzijue exercise combined with elastic-band resistance exercise group; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI, body mass index.
Notes: data was expressed as mean ± SD or n (%). The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the age, years of COPD, and BMI among groups, and the chi-square test was used to compare the sex, smoking history, smoking status, and COPD stage among groups. The significance level was set at P<0.05. ∗P-value for the comparison of outcome variables among groups.