Table 1.
Material properties of the C3-7 finite element model.
| Component | Young's modulus (MPa) | Poisson's ratio |
Cross-sectional area (mm2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cortical bone | 12000 | 0.29 | - |
| Cancellous bone | 100 | 0.29 | - |
| Endplate | 1200 | 0.29 | - |
| Annulus ground substance | 3.4 | 0.45 | - |
| Annulus fiber | 450 | 0.40 | - |
| Nucleus pulposus | 1 | 0.49 | - |
| Cartilage | 10.4 | 0.40 | - |
| ALL | 10 | 0.30 | 12 |
| PLL | 10 | 0.30 | 45 |
| CL | 10 | 0.30 | 14 |
| FL | 1.5 | 0.30 | 5 |
| ISL | 1.5 | 0.30 | 13 |
| SSL | 1.5 | 0.30 | 13 |
| TL | 17 | 0.30 | 10 |
ALL: anterior Longitudinal ligament; PLL: posterior longitudinal ligament; CL: capsular ligament; FL: flaval ligament; ISL: interspinous ligament; SSL: supraspinous ligament; TL: transverse ligament.