FIG 1 .

Deletion of 10 type II TA systems has no effect on type II persister cell formation. (A) Surviving fraction of bacteria after 5 h of ampicillin (100 µg/ml) (left) or ofloxacin (5 µg/ml) (right) treatment. Values are the means from at least 3 independent experiments. Error bars indicate standard deviations. (B) Minimum duration for killing (MDK) 99.9% of the population during ampicillin (100 µg/ml) (left) or ofloxacin (5 µg/ml) (right) exposure. Values are the means from at least three independent experiments. Error bars indicate standard deviations. (C) Genome maps of the E. coli MG1655, Δ10KG, and Δ10LVM strains. Deleted TA loci, phage insertions, and large deletions are annotated in gray, blue, and green, respectively. Colored arrows represent intergenic regions between TA modules in the forward direction. Chromosomal inversions and rearrangements in strain Δ10LVM are represented by dashed lines and arrows, respectively.