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. 2018 Jun 19;13:3507–3527. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S166445

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© 2018 Chen et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Histological H&E staining, PAS staining and IHC of FN in kidney, magnification ×400 (A). The expression of TGF-β1 (B) and Smad2/3 (C) in kidney was evaluated by Western blotting. ^*P < 0.05 vs DNC group, ^**P < 0.01 vs DNC group. PPP-RH-NPs, RH-loaded PEG-PCL-PEI nanoparticles.

Abbreviations: DN, diabetic nephropathy; DNC, DN control; FN, fibronectin; HC, healthy control; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; IHC, immunohistochemistry; PAS, periodic acid–Schiff; PEG-PCL-PEI, polyethyleneglycol-co-polycaprolactone-co-polyethylenimine; RH, rhein; RH-sol, RH solution.