Table 4.
Studies of antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria associated to Chilean salmonid farming.
| Species | No. of isolates | Main result | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Piscirickettsia salmonis | 4 | MIC and MBC values of CM, G, OTC, OA, and FLU using cytopathic effect on cell cultures | Smith et al., 1996 |
| 2 | A formulated medium is proposed to be used in antimicrobial susceptibility assays for P. salmonis | Yáñez et al., 2014 | |
| 20 | Single point mutation in gyrA gene is responsible for the quinolone resistant phenotype | Henríquez et al., 2015 | |
| 292 | ECOWT values of FFC, OTC, OA, and FLU | Henríquez et al., 2016 | |
| 2 | Florfenicol can modulate RND gene expression and increase efflux pump activity | Sandoval et al., 2016 | |
| 3 (genome) | Six specific genes, encoding for specific transporter proteins eventually relevant in conferring resistance to FFC and OTC | Cartes et al., 2017 | |
| 58 | ECOWT values of FFC and OTC using MIC data | Contreras-Lynch et al., 2017 | |
| 1 (genome) | The genome of an oxytetracycline-resistant strain bearing a multidrug-resistance plasmid is described | Bohle et al., 2017 | |
| 247 | Resistance to quinolones (71.3%) and oxytetracycline (8.1%) | Saavedra et al., 2017 | |
| Flavobacterium psychrophilum | 40 | ECOWT values of FFC, OTC, and OA for MIC data | Henríquez-Núñez et al., 2012 |
| 125 | ECOWT values of AML, FFC, OTC, OA, FLU, and ENR using MIC and antibiogram data | Miranda et al., 2016 | |
| Aeromonas salmonicida | 1 (genome) | Strain isolated from infected rainbow trout contained several efflux pumps and putative genes that confer resistance to macrolides, β-lactamics, florfenicol, and quinolones | Valdés et al., 2015 |
| Vibrio ordalii | 24 | ECOWT values of FFC, OTC and OA using MIC and antibiogram data | Poblete-Morales et al., 2013 |
| Streptococcus phocae | 31 | ECOWT values of ERY, FFC, and OTC | Avendaño-Herrera et al., 2011 |
MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; MBC, minimum bactericidal concentration; CM, chloramphenicol; G, gentamicin; AML, amoxicillin; FFC, florfenicol; OTC, oxytetracycline; OA, oxolinic acid; FLU, flumequine; ENR, enrofloxacin; ERY, erythromycin; RND, resistance nodulation division; ECOWT, epidemiological cut-off value for the fully susceptible to the antibacterial agent population (wild-type).