Table 2.
Pre-implementation and Post-implementation Cohort Patient Characteristics
| Characteristic | Pre-implementation (n = 401) | Post-implementation (n = 351) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (IQR), y | 47 (30–71) | 53 (31–74) | .089 |
| Age ≥65 y, n (%) | 110 (27.4) | 118 (33.6) | .066 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 55 (13.7) | 57 (16.2) | .332 |
| Nursing home residence, n (%) | 13 (3.2) | 18 (5.1) | .194 |
| Pregnancy, n (%) | 8 (2.0) | 9 (2.6) | .631 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Cardiovascular diseasea | 81 (20.2) | 120 (34.2) | <.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 57 (14.2) | 65 (18.6) | .110 |
| Chronic lung diseaseb | 11 (2.7) | 39 (11.1) | <.001 |
| Psychiatric disorder | 59 (14.7) | 63 (17.9) | .230 |
| ≥3 comorbidities | 20 (5.0) | 76 (21.7) | <.001 |
| UTI risk factors, n (%) | |||
| Recurrent UTIc | 51 (12.7) | 95 (27.1) | <.001 |
| Obstructive uropathy | 22 (5.5) | 46 (13.1) | <.001 |
| Urinary catheterd | 12 (3.0) | 30 (8.5) | .001 |
| Antimicrobial resistance risk factors, n (%) | |||
| Antibiotics within 3 mo | 60 (15.0) | 76 (21.7) | .017 |
| Hospitalization within 6 moe | 44 (11.0) | 46 (13.1) | .369 |
| Health care exposure within 6 mof | 105 (26.2) | 119 (33.9) | .021 |
| History of infection or colonization with MDR pathogen | 7 (1.7) | 24 (6.8) | .001 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; MDR, multidrug-resistant; UTI, urinary tract infection.
aCardiovascular disease included coronary artery disease, prior myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischemic attack, peripheral artery disease.
bChronic lung disease included asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, and sarcoidosis.
cRecurrent UTI was defined as ≥2 episodes in 6 months or ≥3 episodes in 12 months.
dUrinary catheter ≥48 hours within 7 days.
e≥48 hours.
fSkill-nursing facility residence, ambulatory infusion therapy, chronic hemodialysis, home wound care, emergency department visit.