Table 2.
Baseline descriptive statistics for groups with high or low mean CAL categorized by median (1.61 mm at baseline using interproximal sites only), reported as %, mean ± SD, or median (25th, 75th percentiles)
| Mean CAL ≤ Median (N=471) |
Mean CAL > Median (N=470) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49.8 ± 6.7 | 51.4 ± 6.9 |
| Male | 21.7 | 30.0 |
| < High school education | 6.8 | 14.5 |
| Annual income < $20,000 | 45.9 | 62.1 |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never | 67.7 | 60.2 |
| Former | 18.5 | 17.0 |
| Current | 13.8 | 22.8 |
| Number of cigarettes/week | 50.0 ± 44.8 | 74.4 ± 67.4 |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 2.0 ± 5.9 | 2.5 ± 5.4 |
| Physical activity (METS/week) | 10 (0, 27.7) | 7.9 (0, 24.3) |
| Fruit and vegetable intake (servings/week) | 7.4 ± 4.1 | 7.1 ± 4.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.2 ± 6.2 | 33.3 ± 6.2 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 105.3 ± 13.8 | 106.8 ± 14.6 |
| Hypertension | 44.2 | 50.2 |
| Bleeding on Probing > 30% surfaces | 18.9 | 51.1 |
| Mean number of teeth | 24.5 ± 3.8 | 22.6 ± 4.8 |
| Number of teeth (%) | ||
| 25–28 | 59.2 | 42.3 |
| 17–24 | 36.9 | 46.6 |
| 11–16 | 2.6 | 8.1 |
| 4–10 | 1.3 | 3.0 |
| Dental visits in last 12 months | 70.1 | 54.0 |
| Tooth brushing less than twice a day | 7.4 | 10.0 |
| Dental flossing less than once per day | 53.5 | 61.7 |
| Mouthwash use at least twice per day | 78.6 | 77.9 |
| Plaque score | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.7 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 2.5 ± 1.7 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 91.8 ± 9.0 | 93.0 ± 8.8 |
| 1-hour glucose (mg/dl) | 151.1 ± 40.3 | 153.8 ± 40.9 |
| 2-hour glucose (mg/dl) | 114.6 ± 29.6 | 114.6 ± 29.9 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 5.7 ± 0.3 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 47.8 ± 12.0 | 48.7 ± 13.2 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 144.2 ± 77.9 | 146.8 ± 81.4 |
| hs-C reactive protein > 3.0 (mg/l) | 57.7 | 59.5 |
| IL-6 (ng/mL) | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 1.0 |
| TNF-α (ng/mL) | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 2.6 ± 2.5 |
| ICAM-1 (ng/mL) | 524.4 ± 128.3 | 561.9 ± 171.9 |
| VCAM (ng/mL) | 578.2 ± 138.9 | 624.2 ± 187.5 |
| Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 9.3 ± 4.6 | 8.9 ± 4.6 |