Table 2.
Multiple comparative statistical analysis between chronic back pain groups vs healthy controls
| Groups | G-CSF (pg/mL) | GM-CSF (pg/mL) | IL-2 (pg/mL) | IL-4 (pg/mL) | IL-6 (pg/mL) | IL-10 (pg/mL) | MCP-1 (pg/mL) | TNF-α (pg/mL) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy controls (n=30) | 27.8±10.5 | 65.2±20.1 | 5.5±2.8 | 1.7±0.9 | 5.9±3.7 | 3.6±1.9 | 150.9±38.9 | 18.0±8.9 | |
| Chronic back pain (n=23) | 17.0±5.0*** | 70.7±22.3 | 5.5±4.8 | 0.9±0.3*** | 4.5±3.6 | 3.1±3.1 | 115.3±29.8** | 16.2±10.8 | |
| 1 | Lumbar pain (n=17) | 16.1±4.9*** | 68.3±21.9 | 4.6±2.5 | 0.9±0.4*** | 4.2±3.3 | 2.5±1.8 | 114.2±26.6* | 16.4±12.0 |
| 2 | Cervical pain (n=3) | 15.9±4.1 | 81.5±34.0 | 11.5±11.8 | 0.8±0.2 | 5.9±7.2 | 6.4±7.8 | 135.8±51.9 | 10.7±3.9 |
| 3 | Multiple types of paina (n=3) | 22.6±4.5 | 73.4±15.0 | 4.4±2.1 | 1.0±0.4 | 4.3±2.5 | 3.0±1.3 | 100.6±21.4 | 20.2±7.8 |
| 4 | Additional radiating painb (n=16) | 17.5±5.3*** | 67.8±22.8 | 4.8±2.3 | 0.9±0.2*** | 3.9±2.7 | 2.3±1.2 | 109.6±19.0** | 15.7±9.6 |
| 5 | No radiating pain (n=7) | 15.8±4.6*** | 77.3±20.9 | 7.0±8.3 | 1.1±0.5 | 5.8±5.3 | 4.8±5.2 | 128.1±45.6 | 17.2±14.1 |
| 6 | Discogenic pain origin (n=14) | 15.9±5.07*** | 76.0±18.6 | 5.3±5.9 | 0.9±0.4*** | 3.5±3.1 | 3.2±3.9 | 104.3±22.1*** | 16.9±12.4 |
| 7 | Other origins of painc (n=9) | 18.6±4.9* | 62.6±26.0 | 5.7±2.8 | 1.0±0.3** | 5.9±4.1 | 2.9±1.6 | 132.3±33.4 | 15.0±8.4 |
| 8 | Post-operation paind (n=10) | 18.7±5.5** | 73.8±23.3 | 7.5±6.5 | 1.0±0.3** | 4.2±3.2 | 4.2±4.3 | 113.7±27.8 | 20.8±11.6 |
| 9 | No operation (n=13) | 15.6±4.4*** | 68.3±22.0 | 3.9±2.3 | 0.9±0.4*** | 4.7±4.1 | 2.2±1.5 | 116.4±32.4 | 12.6±9.1 |
| 10 | NSAIDs (n=12) | 16.8±5.0*** | 75.3±20.1 | 6.2±6.1 | 1.0±0.4*** | 5.0±4.2 | 3.8±4.0 | 120.6±30.8 | 15.8±11.6 |
| 11 | NSAIDs+other drugse (n=10) | 16.6±5.3*** | 64.2±25.0 | 4.3±2.9 | 0.8±0.2*** | 3.3±2.5 | 1.8±0.8 | 103.7±23.1** | 14.7±9.1 |
| 12 | Pain history 1–5 years (n=10) | 18.6±6.3** | 69.5±30.1 | 7.5±6.3 | 0.9±0.3*** | 4.9±4.5 | 4.2±4.3 | 116.8±37.8 | 15.9±10.2 |
| 13 | Pain history 6–10 years (n=7) | 15.3±3.8*** | 69.5±14.6 | 2.8±1.3 | 0.9±0.3** | 3.1±1.9 | 1.9±1.3 | 105.2±13.1* | 12.6±8.4 |
| 14 | Pain history >10 years (n=6) | 16.2±3.6** | 74.1±16.6 | 5.2±3.1 | 1.0±0.5 | 5.4±3.6 | 2.6±1.8 | 124.5±29.7 | 20.7±14.3 |
Notes: Mean ± standard deviation (p-value: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001).
Multiple types: 2 or more type of pain–lumbar and/or cervical and/or thoracic.
There is local pain at the spine area, but additional unspecific radiation to extremities.
Facetogenic, osteochondrosi, vertebrogenic, fracture.
Post-operation pain: indicates chronic pain following spine surgery operation in the pain area.
Other drugs: antidepressants and/or muscle-relaxants.
Abbreviations: G-CSF, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL, interleukin; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.