Table 3.
Sociodemographic and EQ-5D-5L results
| Demographic | Study sample (n=150) | UK populationa |
|---|---|---|
| Sex (%) | ||
| Male | 56 (37.3%) | 49.2% |
| Female | 94 (62.7%) | 50.8% |
| Median age (mean, SD), years | 33.5 (37.2, 14.3) | 40.0 |
| Range, years | 18–74 | – |
| Ethnicity (%)b | ||
| White | 107 (71.3%) | 85.9% |
| Mixed race | 11 (7.3%) | 2.2% |
| Asian | 14 (9.3%) | 7.5% |
| Black | 15 (10.0%) | 3.4% |
| Other/Middle Eastern | 2 (1.3%) | 0.6% |
| Prefer not to answer | 1 (0.7%) | – |
| Employment status (%) | ||
| Employed full time | 55 (36.7%) | 55.2% |
| Employed part time | 32 (21.3%) | 19.7% |
| Student | 22 (14.7%) | 4.9% |
| Seeking work | 6 (4%) | – |
| Unemployed | 5 (3.3%) | 6.3% |
| Retired | 7 (4.7%) | – |
| Self-employed | 16 (10.67%) | 13.9% |
| Stay at home | 4 (2.7%) | – |
| Other | 3 (2%) | – |
| Qualifications (%) | ||
| No qualifications | 3 (2.0%) | 22.7% |
| Qualifications (non-university) | 63 (42.0%) | 50.2% |
| Qualifications (university) | 84 (56.0%) | 27.2% |
| Marital status (%) | ||
| Single | 65 (43.3%) | 34.6% |
| Partner/married | 76 (50.7%) | 46.8% |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 9 (6.0%) | 18.6% |
| Children, n (%) | ||
| Yes – have children | 59 (39.3%) | – |
| No – do not have children | 91 (60.7%) | – |
| Median number of children as dependents (SD) | 1 (0.95) | – |
| Other dependents, n (%) | ||
| Yes – have other dependents | 7 (4.7%) | – |
| No – do not have other dependents | 143 (95.3%) | – |
| EQ-5D-5L scoresc | ||
| Dimension scores, n (%) > none | ||
| Mobility | 17 (11.3%) | 623 (18.4%) |
| Self-care | 6 (4.0%) | 144 (4.3%) |
| Usual activities | 23 (15.3%) | 551 (16.3%) |
| Pain/discomfort | 45 (30.0%) | 1,117 (33.0%) |
| Anxiety/depression | 37 (24.7%) | 710 (21.0%) |
| EQ-5D index score, mean (SE) | 0.90 (0.01) | 0.86 (<0.01) |
| EQ VAS score, mean (SE) | 81.5 (1.25) | 82.8 (0.4) |
Notes:
Sex and age data from Overview of the United Kingdom (Office for National Statistics 2015).41 Ethnicity, qualifications, marital status, and religious status data from UK Census data (Office for National Statistics, 2011).42 Employment data from UK Statistical Bulletin (Office for National Statistics, 2016).43
One participant was both Black/African/Caribbean/Black British – African and Black/African/Caribbean/Black British – Caribbean. One participant was both White – English and Black/African/Caribbean/Black British – Caribbean (and categorized as being of mixed race).
Study sample using the EQ-5D-5L. UK norms using the EQ-5D-3L.40
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error; VAS, visual analog scale.