Table 3.
Logistic regression model evaluating the association between risk of heart disease and presence of airflow limitation by different criteria
| Model 1 (n=2,589) | Model 2 (n=2,561) | Model 3 (n=2,559) | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 1.98 (1.51–2.59) | 2.03 (1.54–2.67) | 1.92 (1.46–2.54) |
| Age | 1.08 (1.06–1.10) | 1.07 (1.06–1.09) | 1.07 (1.05–1.09) |
| Diagnostic group | |||
| LLN−/FR− | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| LLN−/FR+ | 0.85 (0.60–1.21) | 0.87 (0.61–1.23) | 0.90 (0.63–1.29) |
| LLN+/FR+ | 0.57 (0.40–0.81) | 0.59 (0.41–0.85) | 0.62 (0.43–0.90) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Former | 0.99 (0.72–1.38) | 0.98 (0.71–1.37) | |
| Current | 0.87 (0.57–1.32) | 0.89 (0.58–1.36) | |
| Co-morbidities | |||
| Diabetesmellitus | 1.71 (1.26–2.32) | ||
| Hypertension | 1.73 (1.32–2.27) | ||
Notes: Heart disease was defined by the presence of self-reported heart disease (n=241) or heart failure (n=82) or both (n=35). The LLN−/FR− group was the reference group with Model 1 adjusted for sex and age, Model 2 also adjusted for smoking status, and Model 3 also adjusted for diabetes mellitus and hypertension (n=2,559 with complete data).
Abbreviations: FR, fixed ratio (FEV1/FVC<0.7); LLN, lower limit of normal (FEV1/FVC<5th percentile); OR, odds ratio; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity.