Table 1.
Comparison of Patient Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes between Patients Who Were Enrolled in Honoring Choices Program and Those Who Were Not
| Non-honoring choices | Honoring choices | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | N 45 | % 100.0% | N 24 | % 100.0% | p | N 69 | % 100.0% |
| Patient sex | 0.202 | ||||||
| Male | 26 | 57.8 | 10 | 41.7 | 36 | 52.2 | |
| Female | 19 | 42.2 | 14 | 58.3 | 33 | 47.8 | |
| Patient race | 0.052 | ||||||
| White | 36 | 80.0 | 14 | 16.7 | 50 | 72.5 | |
| Black | 8 | 17.8 | 6 | 58.3 | 14 | 20.3 | |
| Other/not specifieda | 1 | 2.2 | 4 | 25.0 | 5 | 7.3 | |
| Marital status | 0.850 | ||||||
| Married | 31 | 68.9 | 16 | 66.7 | 47 | 68.1 | |
| Single/divorced/widower | 14 | 31.1 | 8 | 33.3 | 22 | 31.9 | |
| Admitted within last six weeks of life | 0.592 | ||||||
| Yes | 31 | 68.9 | 15 | 62.5 | 46 | 66.7 | |
| No | 14 | 31.1 | 9 | 37.5 | 23 | 33.3 | |
| Admitted to ICU | 0.568 | ||||||
| Yes | 8 | 17.8 | 3 | 12.5 | 11 | 15.9 | |
| No | 37 | 82.2 | 21 | 87.5 | 58 | 84.1 | |
| Number of ICU days | |||||||
| Number of ICU days per patient, median (IQR)b | 1.5 (1–6) | 6 (1–12) | 0.520 | 2 (1–10) | |||
| Number of ICU days per patient, mean (SD)b | 4.6 (6.6) | 6.3 (5.5) | 0.700 | 5.1 (6.1) | |||
| Number of hospital days | |||||||
| Number of hospital days per patient, median (IQR) | 5 (0–8) | 5 (0–10.5) | 0.848 | 5 (0–9) | |||
| Number of hospital days per patient, mean (SD) | 5.42 (5.63) | 7.17 (9.17) | 0.331 | 6.02 (7.04) | |||
| Admitted to ED | 0.825 | ||||||
| Yes | 25 | 55.6 | 14 | 58.3 | 39 | 56.5 | |
| No | 20 | 44.4 | 10 | 41.7 | 30 | 43.5 | |
| Treatment received | |||||||
| Surgery | 0.495 | ||||||
| Yes | 11 | 24.4 | 7 | 29.2 | 18 | 26.1 | |
| No | 34 | 75.6 | 17 | 70.8 | 51 | 73.9 | |
| Chemotherapy | 0.611 | ||||||
| Yes | 9 | 20.0 | 6 | 25.0 | 15 | 21.7 | |
| No | 36 | 80.0 | 18 | 75.0 | 54 | 78.3 | |
| DNR status | 0.434 | ||||||
| Yes | 36 | 80.0 | 21 | 87.5 | 12 | 17.4 | |
| No | 9 | 20.0 | 3 | 12.5 | 57 | 82.6 | |
| Advanced care planning | 0.296 | ||||||
| Yes | 34 | 79.1 | 20 | 83.3 | 54 | 80.6 | |
| No | 9 | 20.9 | 4 | 16.7 | 13 | 19.4 | |
| Admission to hospice | 0.662 | ||||||
| Yes | 32 | 25.6 | 19 | 79.2 | 51 | 76.1 | |
| No | 11 | 74.4 | 5 | 20.8 | 16 | 23.8 | |
| Length of stay in hospice, days per patient, median (IQR)c | 16 (5.5–29) | 17 (8–23) | 0.762 | 16.5 (6–28) | |||
| Length of stay in hospice, days per patient, mean (SD)c | 25.4 (32.6) | 28.8 (40.3) | 0.747 | 26.6 (35.2) | |||
| Location of death | 0.370 | ||||||
| Hospice | 24 | 53.3 | 17 | 70.8 | 41 | 59.4 | |
| Home | 6 | 13.3 | 2 | 8.3 | 8 | 11.6 | |
| Otherd | 15 | 33.3 | 5 | 20.8 | 20 | 29.0 | |
a
Includes Hispanic, Asian, and not-specified/unknown.
b
Only among patients who were admitted to the ICU (n = 11).
c
Only among patients who were admitted to hospice (n = 51).
d
Includes patients who died within the hospital or at other related facilities.