Fig. 5.

OspD2 limits VirA-triggered calpain-mediated cell death. (A, B, and C) HeLa cells were infected with each strain at an MOI of 100 for 20 min before the addition of gentamicin to media. At designated time points, cells were labeled with Hoechst and PI, and the percent cytotoxicity was quantified as described in Fig. 2. In C, MDL28170, a calpain inhibitor, or DMSO (vehicle control) was added to the cells at 3 h before the infection. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD of two experimental repeats, each with at least two technical replicates (n ≥ 4). *P < 0.05 compared with WT or as indicated by the brackets. n.s., nonsignificant.