Fig. 1.

During three in-laboratory visits (mean days between visits 1 and 3, 7.32), children played with unique toys, including a toy character, in each of two separate rooms while they listened to two distinct songs in the background (the target song in one room and the nontarget song in the other). At the end of visit 3, memory for the association between the target song and the room, as well as the target song and toy character, was assessed in an adjacent hallway. A nighttime MRI session occurred during visit 4 (on average, 1.55 d after visit 3), during which a functional scan delivered nine active, randomized 20-s song blocks of target (T), novel (N), and reversed (R) songs, alternated with blocks of silence. We counterbalanced between subjects whether the first block was a T, N, or R block.