Table 1.
In vitro and in vivo experiments investigating the influence of irradiation on angiogenesis
| Radiation | Vessel origin | Host | Result | Molecular | Ref | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target | Mode | Dose | Type | IR/Ctrl | ||||
| Endothelial cells | ||||||||
| C-ion | 0.1–8 Gy | HUVEC | Transwell chamber | Migration | < 1 | αvβ3; MMP-2 | (Takahashi et al., 2003) | |
| Collagen | Tube formation | < 1 | ||||||
| kV | 0.1–8 Gy | Transwell chamber | > 1 | |||||
| Collagen | Tube formation | 1 | ||||||
| nm | 4 Gy | HUVEC | Matrigel | Tube formation | 0.8 | αvβ3 | (Abdollahi et al., 2005) | |
| nm | 8 Gy | HMEC | Matrigel | Invasion | 1 | (Kaliski et al., 2005) | ||
| 250 kV | 6 Gy | HUVEC | Tissue culture plastic | Wound healing migration | 4 | eNOS | (Sonveaux et al., 2003) | |
| HUVEC | Matrigel | Tube formation | ||||||
| 137 Cs | 3 Gy | HUVEC | Matrigel | Tube formation | 0.8 | αvβ3 | (Albert et al., 2006) | |
| 125 kV | 15 Gy | HUVEC | Tissue culture plastic | Wound healing migration | 0.6 | (Imaizumi et al., 2010) | ||
| 6 MV | 0.5 Gy | HUVEC | Wound healing migration | > 1 | VEGFR | (Sofia Vala et al., 2010) | ||
| Cancer cells | ||||||||
| 6MV | 10 Gy | HUVEC | Transwell/CM C6 | Chemotactic migration | 2 | MMP-2 & -9 | (Parthymou et al., 2004) | |
| 6 MV | 10 Gy | CAM | CAM/C6 | angiogenesis | > 1 | (Parthymou et al., 2004) | ||
| HUVEC | Matrigel/PC3 | Invasion | 1.9 | (Abdollahi et al., 2005) | ||||
| 8 Gy | HMEC | Matrigel/CM B16 | Invasion | 2.4 | MMP-2 | (Kaliski et al., 2005) | ||
| 150 kV | 10 Gy | HMEC | Matrigel/CM IOMM | Tube formation | 1.4 | uPA | (Kargiotis et al., 2008) | |
| nm | 8 Gy | HMEC | T. c. plastic/CM U251 | Branching | 1.4 | MMP-2 | (Badiga et al., 2011) | |
| CAF | ||||||||
| 15 MV | 18 Gy | HUVEC | Transwell/CM CAF | Migration | 0.6 | (Hellevik et al., 2013) | ||
| HUVEC | Matrigel/CM CAF | Tube formation | 1 | (Hellevik et al., 2013) | ||||
| Inoculation site | ||||||||
| 50 kV | 19 Gy | CAM | CAM/C6 | Angiogenesis | > 1(48 h) | (Polytarchou et al., 2004) | ||
| 6 MV | 2 Gy | SCID mouse subcutis | HepG2 | Micro-vessel density | > 1 | VEGF | ||
| 125 kV | 20 Gy | C57/Bl subcutis | Matrigel plus FGF2 | Micro-vessel density | 0.36 | FGF2 | (Imaizumi et al., 2010) | |
| Matrigel plus VEGF | Micro-vessel density | 0.11 | VEGF | |||||
| 6 MV | 0.5 Gy | nude mouse subcutis | Matrigel plus FGF2 | Angiogenesis | > 1 | (Sofia Vala et al., 2010) | ||
| 125 kV | 20 Gy | mammary fat pad. | Mammary/AT1 | Micro-vessel density | 0.44 | (Kuonen et al., 2012b) | ||
| Total body | ||||||||
| 220 kV | 15 Gy | C57/Bl aortic | Tissue culture plastic | Sprouting | 0.11 | TGFΙβ | (Imaizumi et al., 2010) | |
| 6 MV | 0.5 Gy | zebra fish | Embryo | Angiogenesis | > 1 | (Sofia Vala et al., 2010) | ||
| Tumor | ||||||||
| 250 kV | 6 Gy | C57/Bl6 subcutis | LLC | Micro-vessel density | > 1 | (Sonveaux et al., 2003) | ||
| 6MV | 8 Gy | C57/BL6 cerebrum | ALTS1C1 | Micro-vessel density | > 1 | (Wang et al., 2013) | ||
| SCID mouse subcutis | SW410 | Micro-vessel density | 2 | (Timaner et al., 2015) | ||||
Abbreviations: avb3, integrin; ALTS1C1, SV40 large T-transformed astrocytes; B16, mouse melanoma cells; C57/BL, mouse strain; C6, rat glioma cells; CAF, cancer-associated fibroblasts; CAM, chick chorioallantoic membrane; C-ion, carbon ion; CM, conditioned medium; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; FGF2, fibroblast growth factor 2; HepG2, human hepatoma cells; HMEC, human microvascular endothelial cells; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; IR/Ctrl, irradiated over unirradiated control target; IOMM, human meningioma cells; LLC, Lewis lung cancer cells; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; MVD, microvessel density; nm, not mentioned; PC3, human prostate cancer cells; pcb, polycarbonate transwell chamber; SW410, human colon carcinoma cells; t.c., tissue culture; TGFb, transforming growth factor beta; U252, human glioma cells; uPA, urokinase-type plasminogen activator; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; WH, wound healing