Table 1. Summary of included studies with outcome of GAS infection, including findings, study type and quality assessment.

	Crowding	Dwelling characteristics and facilities	Education	Employment	Income	Nutrition	Socioeconomic status
Number of studies, n	14	7	1	0	3	0	6
Association with GAS infection, n (%)
Positive	6 (42.9)	4 (57.1)	0 (0.0)	NA	1 (33.3)	NA	3 (50.0)
Mixed	2 (14.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)		1 (33.3)		0 (0.0)
Possible	1 (7.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)		1 (33.3)		0 (0.0)
No association	5 (35.7)	3 (42.9)	1 (14.3)		0 (0.0)		3 (50.0)
Study type, n (%)
Case control	1 (7.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	NA	0 (0.0)	NA	0 (0.0)
Case series	1 (7.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)
Cohort	6 (42.9)	2 (28.6)	0 (0.0)		1 (33.3)		2 (33.3)
Control trial	1 (7.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)
Cross section	4 (28.6)	2 (28.6)	1 (14.3)		2 (66.7)		2 (33.3)
Ecologic	1 (7.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)		2 (33.3)
Randomised control trial	0 (0.0)	3 (42.9)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)
Quality assessment, n (%)
Good	1 (7.1)	1 (14.3)	0 (0.0)	NA	0 (0.0)	NA	1 (16.7)
Fair to good	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)		1 (16.7)
Fair	2 (14.3)	1 (14.3)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)		1 (16.7)
Poor to fair	3 (21.4)	2 (28.6)	0 (0.0)		1 (33.3)		2 (33.3)
Poor	8 (57.1)	3 (42.9)	1 (14.3)		2 (66.7)		3 (50.0)