Figure 2.

Phenotypic detection of resistance mechanisms. A, detection of MβL by IMPEDTA-CDT method, positive isolates showed ≥7 mm increase in zone of inhibition in presence of EDTA; B, detection of AmpC β- lactamase, positive isolates show that zones of inhibition produced by cephalosporins (CAZ or CXT) when used with cefoxitin (Fox) were 5 mm bigger than cephalosporins zone alone; C, detection of efflux pumps by EtBr-CW method, all the isolates did not show emission of fluorescence; D, detection of ESBL using ceftazidime (CAZ), and ceftazidime- clavulininc (CZC) discs, none of the isolates showed positive results.