Table 1.
Sulphated flavonoids reported from plants and their sources (species name and family).
| Sulphated Flavonoids | Species Name and Family | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Acacetin 7-sulphate | Wissadula periplocifolia (Malvaceae) | [9] |
| Apigenin 7-sulphate |
Tetracera mandagascariensis (Dilleniaceae) Bixa orllana (Bixaceae) |
[12,27,28] |
| Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin)-3′-sulphate | Limonium caspium (Plumbaginaceae) | [29] |
| Axillarin 7-sulphate | Centaurea bracteata (Asteraceae) | [30] |
| Chrysoeriol 7-sulphate | Zostera marina (Zosteraceae) | [31] |
| Eupatin 3-sulphate | Brickellia californica, B. laciniata (Asteraceae) | [31] |
| Gossypetin 3-sulphate | Malva sylvestris (Malvaceae) | [32] |
| Gossypetin 8-o-β-d-glucuronide-3-sulphate | Malva sylvestris (Malvaceae) | [32] |
| Hypoaletin 3′-sulphate | Malva sylvestris (Malvaceae) | [33] |
| Hypoaletin 8-sulphate | Bixa orllana (Bixaceae) | [28] |
| Hypolaetin 3′-methyl ether 8-sulphate | Wissadula periplocifolia (Malvaceae) | [9] |
| Hispidulin 7-sulphate | Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) | [34] |
| Hispidulin 4′-sulphate | Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) | [34] |
| Hispidulin 7,4′-disulphate | Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) | [34] |
| Isoscutellarein 8-sulphate | Wissadula periplocifolia (Malvaceae) | [9] |
| Isorhamnetin 3-sulphate | Senecio galicus (Asteraceae); Polygonum hydropiper (Polygoniaceae) | [13,14] |
| Isorhamnetin 7-sulphate | Frankenia pulverulenta (Frankeniaceae) | [31] |
| Isorhamnetin 3,7-disulphate | Flaveria bidentis (Asteraceae) | [10,31] |
| Isorhamnetin 3-glucoronide 7-sulphate | Frankenia pulverulenta (Frankeniaceae) | [10,31] |
| Isorhamnetin 3,7,4′-trisulphate | Acrotrema uniflorum (Dilleniaceae) | [31] |
| Isoscutellarein 4′-methyl ether 7-sulphate | Wissadula periplocifolia (Malvaceae) | [9] |
| Isoscutellarein 4′-methyl ether-8-sulphate | Wissadula periplocifolia (Malvaceae) | [9] |
| Isoscutellarein 7,4′-dimethyl ether 8-sulphate |
Wissadula periplocifolia (L.), Sidastrum micranthum (Malvaceae) |
[9,35] |
| Isovitexina 7-sulphate | Phoenix roebelenii (Arecaceae) | [28] |
| Isorientin 7-sulphate | Phoenix roebelenii (Arecaceae) | [28] |
| Jaceosidin 7-sulphate | Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) | [34] |
| Jaceosidin 7,4′-disulphate | Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) | [34] |
| Kaempferol 3-sulphate | Dillenia bracteata, D. triquetra, Schumacheria casteinifolia, Tetracera alnifolia, T. boiviniana, T. breyniana, T. costata, T. oblongata, T. rasiflora, T. rutenbergii, T. volubilis, T. willdenowiana (Dilleniaceae) | [12,31] |
| Kaempferol 7-sulphate | F. pulverulenta (Frankeniaceae) | [31] |
| Kaempferol 3,7-disulphate |
Reamuria mucronata, R. vermiculata (Tamaricaceae); Dillenia bracteata, Schumacheria castaneifolia (Dilleniaceae) |
[27,31] |
| Kaempferol 3,7,4′-trisulphate | Acrotrema uniflorum (Dilleniaceae) | [27] |
| Kaempferol 7-methyl ether 3-sulphate |
Ammi visnaga (Umbeliferaceae); Acrotrema uniflorum, Tetracera alnifolia, T. puggei, T. rosiflora, T. rutenbergii (Dilleniaceae); Argyreia speciosa (Convolvulaceae) |
[12,31,36] |
| Kaempferol 7,4′-dimethyl ether 3-sulphate | Tamarix apphyla, T. nilotica (Tamaricaceae) | [30,37] |
| Kaempferol 6,7,4′-trimethyl ether 3-sulphate | Brickellia longifolia (Asteraceae) | [31,36] |
| Kaempferol 3-glucoronide 7-sulphate | Frankenia pulverulenta (Frankeniaceae) | [27] |
| Kaempferol 3-sulphate 7-o-α-arabinopyranoside | Atriplex hortensis (Chenopodiaceae) | [24] |
| Luteolin 7-sulphate |
Tetracera stuhimanniana (Dilleniaceae) Bixa orllana (Bixaceae) |
[28,31] |
| Luteolin 4′-sulphate | Daucus carota (Umbelliferae) | [28] |
| Luteolin 3′-sulphate | Lachenalia unifolia (Hyacinthaceae) | [28] |
| Luteolin 7,3′-disulphate | Zostera marina (Zosteraceae) | [28] |
| Luteolin 7-sulphate 3′-glucoside | Mascarena verscafeltii (Arecaceae) | [28] |
| Luteolin 7-sulphate 3′-rutinoside |
Zostera marina (Zosteraceae); Mascarena verschaffeltii, Opsiandra maya (Arecaceae) |
[28,30] |
| Luteolin 4′-methyl ether (diosmetin) 7-sulphate | Zostera marina, Z. nana (Zosteraceae) | [28] |
| Luteolin 4′-methyl ether (diosmetin) 7,3′-disulphate | Lachenalia unifolia (Hyacinthaceae) | [28] |
| Luteolin 6-hydroxy 7-sulphate | Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) | [34] |
| Luteolin 6-hydroxy 6-sulphate | Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) | [34] |
| Luteolin 6-hydroxy 6,7-disulphate | Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) | [34] |
| Luteolin 7-sulphate 8-C-glucoside | Phoenix roebelenii (Arecaceae) | [28] |
| Myricetin-3′-sulphate | Limonium caspium (Plumbaginaceae) | [28] |
| (2S,3S)-5-Methyldihydromyricetin-3′-sulphate β-d-glucopyranoside | Limonium caspium (Plumbaginaceae) | [28] |
| (2S)-Naringenin 4′-o-sulphate | Tamarix africana (Tamaricaceae) | [38] |
| Nepetin 7-sulphate | Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) | [34] |
| Nepetin 3′,4′-sulphate | Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) | [34] |
| Nodifloretin 7-sulphate | Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) | [34] |
| Nodifloretin 6,7-disulphate | Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) | [34] |
| Patuletin 3-sulphate | Brickellia californica (Asteraceae) | [10] |
| Patuletin 7-sulphate | Lasthenia conjugens, L. fremontii (Asteraceae) | [28] |
| Patuletin 7-sulphate 3-Glucoside | Lasthenia conjugens, L. fremontii (Asteraceae) | [28] |
| Quercetin 3-sulphate |
Acrotrema uniflorum, Dillenia bracteata, D. triquetra, Schumacheria angustifólia, S. casteinifolia, Tetracera alnifolia, T. boiviniana, T. breyniana, T. costata, T. madagascariensis, T. masuiana, T. oblongata, T. rasiflora, T. rutenbergii, T. sarmentosa, T. sellowiana, T. tigara, T. volubilis, T. willdenowiana (Dilleniaceae); Hypericum elodes (Guttiferae); Oenanthe crocata (Umbelliferae) |
[12,28,34,39] |
| Quercetin 3,4′-disulphate | Flaveria bidentis (Asteraceae) | [13] |
| Quercetin 3,7-disulphate | Flaveria bidentis (Asteraceae) | [13] |
| Quercetin 3,7,4′-trisulphate | Flaveria bidentis (Asteraceae) | [13] |
| Quercetin 3,7,3′-trisulphate | Flaveria bidentis (Asteraceae) | [13] |
| Quercetin 3,3′,4′,7-tetrasulphate | Flaveria bidentis (Asteraceae) | [40] |
| Quercetin 7-methyl ether 3-sulphate | Ammi visnaga (Umbeliferaceae) | [31] |
| Quercetin 4′-methyl ether 3,7-disulphate | Reaumuria vermiculata (Tamaricaceae) | [37] |
| Quercetin 7-methyl ether 3,5,4′-trisulphate | Tamarix apphyla (Tamaricaceae) | [37] |
| Quercetin 7,4′-dimethyl ether 3-sulphate | Flaveria chloraefolia (Asteraceae) | [41] |
| Quercetin 7,3′dimethyl ether 3-sulphate | Argyreia speciosa (Convolvulaceae) | [36] |
| Quercetin 7,4′-dimethyl ether 3,3′-disulphate | Acrotrema uniflorum (Dilleniaceae) | [10] |
| Quercetin 3-acetyl-7,3′,4′-trisulphate | Flaveria bidentis (Asteraceae) | [11] |
| Quercetin 3-sulphate 7-o-α-arabinopyranoside | Atriplex hortensis (Chenopodiaceae) | [24] |
| Quercetagetin 3-methyl ether 7-sulphate | Neuroleana oaxacana (Asteraceae) | [13] |
| Quercetagetin 6,7-dimethyl ether 3-sulphate |
Brickellia veronikaefolia (Asteraceae) |
[13] |
| Quercetagetin 6,7,3′-trimethyl ether 3-sulphate | Brickellia californica (Asteraceae) | [13] |
| Quercetagetin 6,7,4′-trimethyl ether 3-sulphate | Brickellia longifolia (Asteraceae) | [13] |
| Tricetin 3′-sulphate | Lachenalia unifolia (Hyacinthaceae) | [28] |
| Tricetin 7,3′-disulphate | Lachenalia unifolia (Hyacinthaceae) | [28] |
| (2S,4R)-5,7,4′-Trihydroxyflavan-4-ol 5,7-disulphate | Tamarix africana (Tamaricaceae) | [38] |
| (2S)-5,7,4′-Trihydroxyflavan 7-o-sulphate | Tamarix africana (Tamaricaceae) | [38] |
| Vitexina 7-sulphate | Washingtonia robusta (Arecaceae) | [28] |