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. 2018 Jan 28;23(2):259. doi: 10.3390/molecules23020259

Table 1.

Chinese herbal compounds have neuroprotection ability to various neurological disorders through different mechanisms and metabolisms.

Herbal Drugs Plant Sources Structure Involved Mechanism (s) Treated Model Main Citations
6-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (PL3) Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i001.jpg cytokine regulation LPS-induced model [32]
Ampelopsin Ampelopsis grossedentata graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i002.jpg cytokine regulation, autophagy regulation Stroke, brain aging [29,71]
Astragaloside IV Astragalus membranaceus graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i003.jpg ER stress PD [94]
Baicalein Scutellaria baicalensis and S. lateriflora graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i004.jpg autophagy regulation, ER stress PD [53,54,96]
Berberine Coptis chinensis graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i005.jpg cytokine regulation, autophagy regulation depression, AD, and ALS [33,47,63]
Breviscapine Erigerin breviscapus graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i006.jpg autophagy regulation cerebral ischemic [69]
n-butylidenephthalide Angelica sinensis graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i007.jpg autophagy regulation, neurotransmitters and synaptic function ALS, SCA3, and down syndrome model [64,65,128,129]
Carnosic acid Rosmarinus officinalis graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i008.jpg autophagy regulation AD and PD [50,55]
Conophylline Ervatamia microphylla graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i009.jpg autophagy regulation PD and HD [58]
Crocin Crocus sativus graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i010.jpg ER stress PD and AD [97,98]
Cucurbitacin E Wilbrandia ebracteata graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i011.jpg autophagy regulation PD [62]
Eriodictyol Dracocephalum rupestre graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i012.jpg cytokine regulation stroke [30]
Ginsenoside compound K Panax ginseng graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i013.jpg autophagy regulation AD [46]
Ginsenoside Rb1 Panax ginseng graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i014.jpg autophagy regulation spinal cord injury [70]
Hederagenin Hedera helix graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i015.jpg autophagy regulation PD [59]
Huperzine A Huperzia serrata graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i016.jpg neurotransmitters and synaptic function AD [130,131]
Icariin Epimedium segittatum graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i017.jpg cytokine regulation AD, stroke, depression [25,28,34]
Icariside II Epimedium brevicornum graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i018.jpg cytokine regulation AD [26]
Isobavachalcone Psoralea corylifolia graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i019.jpg cytokine regulation PD [24]
Luteolin Lonicera japonica graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i020.jpg autophagy regulation AD [48]
Maslinic acid Olea europaea graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i021.jpg glucose metabolism oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury model [110]
Neferine Nelumbo nucifera graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i022.jpg autophagy regulation HD [68]
Oleuropein Olea europaea graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i023.jpg autophagy regulation PD [61]
Paeonol Cortex Moutan graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i024.jpg cytokine regulation PD [23]
Piperine Piper longum L. graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i025.jpg autophagy regulation PD [57]
Resveratrol red wine graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i026.jpg autophagy regulation, glucose metabolism AD, PD, HD, and healthy older adults [45,56,67,113]
Ruscogenin Ophiopogon japonicas graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i027.jpg cytokine regulation Ischemic stroke [31]
Sulforaphane cruciferous vegetables graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i028.jpg autophagy regulation PD, HD [60,66]
Tetrandrine Stephania tetrandra graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i029.jpg cytokine regulation AD [27]
Thamnolia vermicularis extract Thamnolia vermicularis graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i030.jpg autophagy regulation AD [49]
Triptolide Tripterygium wilfordii graphic file with name molecules-23-00259-i031.jpg autophagy regulation AD, PD [51,52]

ER, endoplasmic reticulum; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PD, Parkinson’s disease; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; SCA3, spinocerebellar ataxia type 3; HD, Huntington disease.