Table 4.

Summary of the potential effects of NAC supported by studies based on clinical trials.

Examples of usage	Effects	Ref.
Treatment of methamphetamine-dependent patients	Methamphetamine dependence decreases	[43]
Performance of athletes undergoing strenuous physical training	Redox equilibrium and adaptation processes improve	[44]
Treatment of Thalassemia	Oxidative stress and DNA damage decrease	[45,46]
Protection against the carcinogenic effect of tobacco	Modulation of biomarkers associated with cancer	[47]
Treatment of bacterial meningitis	Antioxidant role	[48,49]
Treatment against influenza virus	Proliferation of the virus is inhibited	[49,50]
Mucolytic expectorant and treatment of respiratory tract infections	The viscosity decreases and facilitates the removal of mucus	[40,51]
Specific antidote for acetaminophen overdose	Regeneration of glutathione levels	[49,52,53,54]
Cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes Treatment of type-2 diabetes	Attenuation of cardiovascular complications	[55,56,57]
Prevention of cardiovascular diseases	Reduction of plasma concentrations and homocysteine levels	[58]
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C	Increase in glutathione and improvement in response to treatment with interferon	[59,60]
Treatment of patients with acute liver failure	Reduced IL-17 levels	[61,62,63,64]
Treatment of nephropathic cystinosis	Reduced oxidative stress and improved renal function	[65]
Treatment of noise-induced hearing loss	Protective effect. Hearing loss is reduced	[66]
Treatment of cocaine addiction	It acts as an anti-relapse agent in abstinent subjects	[67,68]