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Bottleneck effect. There are two types of mtDNA in initial oocyte (left), where blue stand for mitochondria harboring wild-type mtDNA and red ones represent mutated ones. During the meiosis acting under the mtDNA bottleneck effect, the mitochondria in next generation somatic cells take on a high cell-to-cell heteroplasmy variance situation (right). Some of them may harbor all wild-type mtDNA while others accumulate one or more mutations.
