| UPE | ultra-weak photon emission |
| •OH | hydroxyl radical |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| EDTA | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium salt |
| EGTA | ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid |
| RLU | relative light units |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| O2− | superoxide radical |
| O2(1Δg) | singlet oxygen |
| 3(R=C)* | triplet excited carbonyl groups |
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