| AD | atopic dermatitis |
| AHAs | alpha-hydroxy acids |
| BID | BH3-interacting domain death agonist protein |
| CA | citric acid |
| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| Endo G | endonuclease G |
| GA | glycolic acid |
| GM-CSF | granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
| IL | interleukin |
| LA | lactic acid |
| MA | malic acid |
| MCP-1 | monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 |
| MED | minimal erythemal dose |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
| NF-kB | nuclear factor-kappa B |
| NHEK | normal human epidermal keratinocyte |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SBCs | sunburn cells |
| SP | Substance P |
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
| UVB | ultraviolet radiation B |