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. 2018 Jun 25;9:2455. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04785-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Thalamo-cortical synchronization varies with ongoing fluctuations in pupil-linked arousal. a PLV measured between LP/Pulvinar and PPC as a function of LFP frequency and pupil diameter. Pupil diameter is denoted by color (see legend). Note the prominent thalamo-cortical phase synchronization in the theta (∼4 Hz) and alpha (12–17 Hz) carrier frequency bands. Significant modulation across pupil diameter bins is indicated by bars plotted below PLV traces (one-way ANOVA, FDR-corrected P-values). PLV in the theta band significantly increased with pupil dilation, while alpha PLV significantly decreased with pupil dilation. b The phase synchronization (PLV) of spiking activity to LFP rhythms recorded within the same brain structure (top row), as well as between regions (bottom row). Spike PLV both locally within PPC and LP/Pulvinar, as well as between PPC and LP/Pulvinar revealed phase locking of spiking activity to alpha oscillations. Significant modulation of spike PLV across pupil diameter bins is indicated by color bars plotted below PLV traces (one-way ANOVA, FDR-corrected P-values). Note that the strongest alpha band spike PLV was observed between LP/pulvinar spikes and PPC LFP phase