Table 5.
Univariate associations between B. bacilliformis seropositivity and select variables
| Variable | Seropositive n (%) | Seronegative n (%) | OR (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recognize sand flies | ||||
| Yes | 56 (64.4) | 113 (54.3) | 1.52 (0.88–2.63) | 0.122 |
| No | 31 (35.6) | 95 (45.7) | ||
| Type of walls | ||||
| Adobe | 73 (91.2) | 171 (82.2) | 2.26 (0.74–6.87) | 0.113 |
| Brick/concrete | 7 (8.8) | 37 (17.8) | ||
| Guinea pigs | ||||
| Yes | 40 (49.4) | 78 (37.5) | 1.63 (0.87–3.02) | 0.115 |
| No | 41 (50.6) | 130 (62.5) | ||
| Sheep/goats | ||||
| Yes | 28 (34.2) | 42 (20.1) | 2.06 (1.06–4.01) | 0.027a |
| No | 54 (65.8) | 167 (79.9) | ||
| Rats | ||||
| Yes | 67 (81.7) | 185 (89.4) | 0.53 (0.24–1.19) | 0.122 |
| No | 15 (18.3) | 22 (10.6) | ||
| Animal waste | ||||
| Yes | 23 (28.0) | 85 (40.7) | 0.57 (0.30–1.09) | 0.071 |
| No | 59 (72.0) | 124 (59.3) | ||
| Lumber pile | ||||
| Yes | 15 (18.3) | 21 (10.0) | 2.00 (0.99–4.05) | 0.052a |
| No | 67 (81.7) | 188 (90.0) | ||
| Weeds | ||||
| Yes | 48 (59.3) | 161 (77.0) | 0.43 (0.22–0.55) | 0.012a |
| No | 33 (40.7) | 48 (23.0) | ||
| Elevation (m)b,c | – | – | 0.79 (0.70–0.89) | <0.001a |
| Mean | 1326 (n=89) | 1448 (n=228) | – | <0.001a |
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
aStatistically significant at p < 0.05. Odds ratio > 1.0 denotes increased risk
bAs a variable, elevation is continuous and thus has no entries for number or % of seropositive/seronegative. However, a univariate odds ratio using logistic regression could still be calculated. The odds ratio is 0.79 for each 100 m of elevation and decreases for each 100 m increase in elevation
cBecause elevation is continuous, we also calculated and compared the mean elevation for seropositives and seronegatives by Student’s t-test