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The three oxidative steps of canonical heme oxidation and the chemical structure of staphylobilin and mycobilin. (A) The three oxidative steps of canonical heme oxidation. In the first step heme is oxidized to ferric-hydroperoxide, then it is self-hydroxylated to α-meso-hydroxyheme. Next it is oxidized to α-verdoheme, which is ultimately oxidized to α-biliverdin. (B) One of the two isomers of staphylobilin produced by IsdG/I. (C) One of the two isomers of mycobilin produced by MhuD.
