Table 1.

Efficacy of α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands in various animal models of pain.

Compound		Ligand Type		Animal Model		Animal		Response	Refs.
Choline		Agonist		Murine endotoxemia and sepsis		Mice		Reduced systemic TNF levels, suppressed HMGB1 release	[73]
Choline		Agonist		Tail flick test		Mice		Antinociceptive	[87]
Choline		Agonist		Incisional postoperative pain		Mice		Reduced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia	[97]
CDP-choline		Source of choline		Carrageenan		Rats		Reduced mechanical hyperalgesia decreased TNF-α in the paw	[76]
CDP-choline		Source of choline		Oxaliplatin-induced CIPN		Rats		Reduced mechanical hyperalgesia	[94]
CDP-choline		Source of choline		CCI		Rats		Reduced mechanical hyperalgesia	[95]
JN403		Agonist		CFA and partial sciatic nerve ligation models Tail flick test		Rats		Reduced mechanical hyperalgesia Lack of effect	[86]
DMXB and 4-OH-DMXB		Partial agonist		Tail flick test		Mice		Lack of effect by itself blocked choline-induced antinociception	[87]
Compound-B		Agonist		CFA		Rats, mice		Reduced mechanical hyperalgesia	[88]
Compound-B		Agonist		Carrageenan and CFA Formalin models		Rats		Reduced mechanical hyperalgesia Attenuated pain behavior in formalin test	[104]
Nicotine		Agonist		CIA model		Mice		Ameliorated arthritis and reduced synovial inflammation	[89]
AR-R17779		Agonist		CIA model		Mice		Ameliorated arthritis and reduced synovial inflammation	[89]
TC-7020		Agonist		CCI		Rats		Reduced mechanical allodynia	[91]
PHA-543613		Agonist		CCI		Mice		Reduced mechanical allodynia	[92]
PNU-282987		Agonist		CCI		Rats		Reduced mechanical hyperalgesia	[93]
NS1738		Type I PAM		Carrageenan CCI		Mice		Reduced thermal hyperalgesia Lack of effect	[92]
NS1738		Type I PAM		Hot plate and tail-flick tests Formalin model		Mice		Lack of effect Lack of effect	[103]
PNU-120596		Type II PAM		Carrageenan CCI		Mice		Reduced thermal hyperalgesia reduced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia potentiated effects of PHA-543613	[92]
PNU-120596		Type II PAM		Carrageenan and CFA Formalin model		Rats		Reduced mechanical hyperalgesia and weight-bearing deficit lack of effect	[104]
PNU-120596		Type II PAM		Hot plate and tail-flick tests formalin model		Mice		Lack of effect Attenuated pain behavior in formalin test	[103]
2,4,2’,5’-tetrahydroxychalcone		Type II PAM		CFA		Rats		Lack of effect on thermal hyperalgesia reduced mechanical hyperalgesia	[105]
3-furan-2-yl-N-p-tolyl-acrylamide		Type II PAM		Carrageenan CFA CCI CPA		Mice		Reduced mechanical allodynia by itself and potentiated antiallodynic effect of choline Reduced thermal hyperalgesia Reduced mechanical allodynia Reversed negative affective behaviors	[106]
Compound	Ligand Type		Animal Model		Animal		Response		Refs.
GAT107	Ago-PAM (allosteric agonist and type II PAM)		Tail flick and hot plate tests Formalin model CFA and CCI models LPS Acetic acid induced visceral stretching and CPA		mice		Lack of effect antinociceptive reduced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia reduced mechanical allodynia decreased stretching behavior and reversed negative affective behaviors		[36]
NS6740	Silent agonist		Formalin model CCI CPA		mice		Attenuated pain behavior in formalin test reduced mechanical allodynia reversed negative affective behaviors		[37]
PMP-072	Silent agonist		CIA		mice		Reduced arthritis		[109]

CCI—Chronic constrictive nerve injury, CFA—Complete Freund's adjuvant, CIA—collagen-induced arthritis, CIPN—chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, CPA—Conditioned place aversion, PAM—positive allosteric modulator, PSNL—Partial sciatic nerve ligation, SNL—Spinal nerve ligation.