Table 1.
The standard disease modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) according to National MS Society (2015).
| Drug |
Dose and Route of
Administration |
FDA Approval | Recommendation to MS Clinical Course | Drug Description |
Cognitive
Enhancer |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interferon beta-1a |
30mcg/once a week (intramuscular) |
(1996) Avonex |
RRMS CIS SPMS |
Glycoprotein | +/- | Ref. |
| - | - | |||||
| 22mcg or 44mcg 3xweek (subcutaneously) | (2002) Rebif |
+ | [37] [38] |
|||
| Interferon beta-1b |
0.26mg/day (subcutaneously) |
(1993) Betaferon |
RRMS CIS SPMS |
Protein recombinatly produced by Escherichia coli | + | [39] [40] |
| Glatiramer acetate | 20mg /day or 40mg 3xweek (subcutaneously) | (2009) Copaxone |
RRMS CIS |
Copolymer1 of myelin basic protein (glutamid acid,lysine, alanine, tyrosine) | + | [40] |
| Daclizumab | 150mg once a month (intravenously) |
(2016) Zenapax |
RRMS | Humanized monoclonal antibody with IgG1 framework. Originaly used as a prevention allogenic tissue transplantation |
- | - |
| Terilunomide | 7mg or 14mg /day(oral) | (2012) Aubagio |
RRMS | Metabolite of leflunomide | - | - |
| Dimethyl fumarate | 120mg /2xday for one week, 240mg capsule taken daily (oral) | (2013) Tecfidera |
RRMS CIS |
Furmate (BG0012) immunomodulatory agent |
- | - |
| Fingolimod | 0.5mg/day (oral) |
(2010) Gineya |
RRMS | Structural analogue of sphingosine | - | - |
| Alemtuzumab | 12mg/day for 5 days, next 12mg/day for 3 days in the next year(intravenously) |
(2014) Lemtrada |
RRMS | Humanized monoclonal antibody. Originally used in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Reserved for people who have had an inadequate response to two or |
- | - |
| Mitoxantrone | 12mg/m(2) every 3 months. About 8012 doses over 2-3 years (140mg/m(2)) (intravenously) | (2000) Novantrone |
SPMS; PRMS or worsening RRMS | A synthetic anthracenedione that intercalates into DNA | - | - |
| Natalizumab | 300mg once every 28days (intravenously) |
(2006) Tysabri |
RRMS | Humanized monoclonal antibody with an IgG4 framework | + | [42] [43] |