Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of lesions and the Leishmania species involved in main clinical forms of TL.

Geographic distribution	Main species	TL clinical forms	Lesion description
New World	L. (V.) braziliensis L. (L.) amazonensis L. (V.) guyanensis L. (L.) mexicana L. (V.) panamensis L. (V.) lainsoni	Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL)	Single or multiple ulcerated lesions located in a single region of the body. The typical ulcer is painless, of varied size, well delimited with raised infiltrated edges and granular bottom, and usually with good response to treatment.
Old World	L. (L.) major L. (L.) tropica L. (L.) aethiopica
New World	L. (V.) braziliensis L. (L.) amazonenses	Disseminated leishmaniasis (DiL)	Numerous lesions (≥10), most of them small and ulcerated, distant from the site of the phlebotomine bite. Good/poor response to treatment.
New World	L. (L.) amazonesis L. (L.) mexicana	Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL)	Rare form of ATL with multiple non-ulcerated infiltrated or nodular lesions reaching large body regions, usually presenting a plaque, verrucous and/or vegetative aspect.
Old World	L. (L.) aethiopica
New World	L. (V.) braziliensis L. (L.) amazonensis L. (V.) panamensis	Leishmaniasis recidiva cútis (LRC)	Repeated reactivation of lesions around or within the scar of the classic cutaneous form of leishmaniasis.
Old World	L. (L.) tropica
New World	L. (V.) braziliensis L. (L.) amazonensis L. (V.) guyanensis L. (V.) panamensis	Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ML)	Affects mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, pharynx and/or larynx, causing destructive lesions (mainly ulcer with infiltration) that can lead to respiratory complications and malnutrition. Prolonged treatment is usually effective.
Old World	L. (L.) major	Late ML	Mucous membranes lesions occur months or years after cutaneous lesions.
		Concurrent ML	Occurrence of simultaneous cutaneous and mucosal lesions.
		Contiguous ML	Mucosal lesions developed by contiguity due to the presence of periorificial cutaneous lesions on the face.
		ML of undetermined origin	Mucous membranes lesions without any active cutaneous lesion or compatible scar or history of previous leishmaniasis cutaneous lesion.