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. 2018 Jun 19;9:753. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00753

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Copyright © 2018 Mader, Müller, Krause, Springer, Kernig, Protzel, Porath, Rackow, Wittstock, Frank, Hakenberg, Köhling and Kirschstein.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Quantitative PCR indicates age-dependent down-regulation of HCN channels. (A) Relative expression of HCN channel isoforms indicating that HCN2 is the predominant isoform on the transcriptional level. (B–E) Scatter plots showing the mRNA expression of HCN1-4 relative to the reference genes ACTB (gray symbols) and GAPDH (open symbols). Note the high concordance of relative expression values using both reference genes ( ⁺P < 0.1, paired t-test; ^∗P < 0.05, paired t-test; ^∗∗P < 0.01, paired t-test).