Table 1. Studies of OCI prevalence in various populations, in chronological order.

Study	Year	Target Population		Prevalence	Source
Castillo et al.1	2004	Abnormal liver enzymes		57% (57/100)	Hepatocytes
Barril et al.20	2008	Hemodialysis patients with abnormal liver enzymes		45% (49/109)	PBMCs
De Marco et al.8	2009	General population		3.3% (9/276)	PBMCs
Bokharaei-Salim et al.5	2011	Cryptogenic liver disease		10% (7/69)	PBMCs
De Marco et al.17	2012	General population		1.27% (4/314)	PBMCs
Castillo et al.22	2013	Hepatitis B patients		40% (21/52)	Hepatocytes
Keyvani et al.6	2013	Cryptogenic cirrhosis		8.9% (4/45)	PBMCs
Gatserelia et al.24	2014	HIV patients	No liver disease	2% (2/98)	PBMCs
			Cryptogenic liver disease	12% (4/34)
			HIV/HBV coinfection	31% (9/29)
Castillo et al.25	2014	Immune-mediated glomerulonephritis		39% (34/87)	PBMCs and ultracentrifugated serum
Bokharaei-Salim et al.26	2016	HIV patients		10.2% (6/59)	PBMCs
Naghdi et al.21	2017	Hemodialysis patients		3% (6/198)	PBMCs
Lin et al.9	2017	General population (blood donors)		2.2% (10/458)	PBMCs