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. 2018 Jun 19;9:828. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00828

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Copyright © 2018 Ma, Xu, Alejos-Gonzalez, Wang, Yang, Judd and Xie.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A simplified scheme showing the cellular compartmentation associated with the biosynthesis of lignin, coumarin, artemisinin, and other metabolites. Pathway abbreviations: MEP, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate and MVA, mevalonate pathway; enzyme abbreviations; ADS, amorphadiene synthase; AaADH1, Artemisia annua alcohol dehydrogenase; AaCAD, Artemisia annua cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; CPR1, cytochrome P450 reductase 1; CYP71AV1, cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase; and PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Dashed arrows and lines denote multiple steps. Solid arrows denote one step. The short arrow for AaCAD in the artemisinin pathway denotes a partial reverse. The long arrow for CYP71AV1 and CPR1 denotes the main direction toward artemisinin.