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. 2018 Jun 25;8:9663. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27954-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Anatomical organization of descending and ascending neuron innervation in the brain. (a) Mass-staining results by backfilling from the neck connective on both sides. The positions of DN groups are shown on the right. G1, group-I DNs; G2, group-II DNs; G3, group-III DNs; GNG, DNs of gnathal ganglion. (b) Confocal stacks of mass-staining results in the protocerebrum. The depth from the posterior brain surface are shown in the top-right. Inset shows the schematic of the imaging area (b1). The LAL and VPC are shown with a broken line. The locations of major bundles are indicated by color: the lateral accessory lobe commissure (LALC, green), lateral antennal-lobe tract (l-ALT, magenta) and great commissure (GC, orange). (c) Dorsal view of innervation of descending and ascending neurons. Inset shows the imaging area. The LAL is shown with a broken line. The innervation in the PS is more dense than in the LAL. (d) Neurite innervation in the LAL. The maximum intensity projection for the anterior and posterior half of the LAL are shown. The position of the LALC is indicated by green. Inset shows subdivisions within the LAL. The upper and lower divisions are roughly delineated by the LALC. Innervation is observed in both upper and lower divisions in the anterior part, but is largely confined to the lower division in the posterior part of the LAL.