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. 2018 Jun 13;9:794. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00794

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Copyright © 2018 Kaštier, Krasylenko, Martinčová, Panteris, Šamaj and Blehová.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Arrays of cortical microtubules (A,D,E green), actin filaments (B,F red), and co-alignment (C merge) in median longitudinal sections of C. europaea prehaustoria (A–E) and searching hyphae (F). Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI. Host xylem (X) bundles exhibit blue autofluorescence. The sites of contact with the host are marked by asterisks (^∗). (A–D) Epidermal cells (EC) in the contact zone with the suitable host switching from their diffuse expansion to directed tip growth; (D) significant elongation of epidermal cells (EC) toward the host; (E) transversely oriented cortical microtubules in digitate (DC) and file (FC) cells during prehaustorium development; (F) searching hyphae that penetrated the host stem are actively growing in search of the connection with the host xylem (X).