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. 2018 Jun 25;8:9648. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27880-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ventricular zone cells express radial glial markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Vimentin. (A) Cells of the ventricular zone are ubiquitously GFAP+, and extend lengthy basal processes that span the cortex to terminate at the pial surface of the brain. (B) Ventricular zone cells and processes additionally express developmental radial glial marker Vimentin. Vimentin staining also reveals endothelial cells of blood vessels (white arrows). (C) GFAP+/Vimentin+ processes can be unambiguously traced from the ventricular zone through the inner plexiform layer and cellular layer (white arrows). Scale bar A,B: 20 μm, C: 10 μm. cl = cellular layer, ipl = inner plexiform layer, opl = outer plexiform layer, p = pial surface, vz = ventricular zone.