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. 2018 Jun 18;8:9252. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27693-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Observation results of fluorescent beads of 3-μm diameter in a spherical-crown-shaped transparent epoxy resin (radius of 6 mm). (a) Photograph of the spherical-crown-shaped transparent epoxy resin. (b) The excitation light intensity is changed with respect to the observation depth. (c–e) $x z$ -projected images for an optical depth of 0 μm to 2,000 μm from the scans performed with wavefront modulation using the ACMSS, with wavefront modulation using the SACM, and without wavefront modulation, respectively. (f)–(h) $x z$ image of the observed bead at 35-μm optical depth when a TPM scan is performed with wavefront modulation using ACMSS, with wavefront modulation using SACM, and without wavefront modulation, respectively. (i)–(k) $x z$ image of the observed bead at 1,948-μm optical depth. (l) Quantitative evaluation of the improvement in fluorescence intensity from the fluorescent beads. The scale bars indicate 100 μm in (c–e) and 20 μm in (f–k).