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. 2018 Jun 26;8:9697. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28057-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Titration of viral shedding from collected oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs after challenge of unimmunized and immunized chickens with the Egyptian HPAIV H5N8 isolate at 2, 4 and 7 dpi. Five chickens from each group were individually infected with the HP H5N8 virus. Virus shedding was monitored by titration of log₁₀ EID₅₀/mL for each collected sample from live animals. Each dot represents the viral titer of each chicken. The bar for each vaccine is the mean of viral shedding in the group. The detection limit was <1 log₁₀ EID₅₀/0.1 mL.