Bias by race and sex subgroups for equations developed using GFR measured using plasma clearance of iohexol. CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Consortium; CAPA, Caucasian, Asian, pediatric and adult; BIS, Berlin Initiative Study; cr, creatinine; cys, cystatin C; cr-cys, creatinine-cystatin C. Units of difference, ml/min/1.73m2