Table 1.
Clinical characteristics by race and sex
| Total | Black | White | P-value | Men | Women | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 294) | (n = 139) | (n = 155) | (n = 154) | (n = 140) | |||
| Age (years) | 70.7 ± 8.6 | 69.5 ± 8.6 | 71.8 ± 8.5 | 0.02 | 71.2 ± 8.5 | 70.2 ± 8.7 | 0.3 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.1 | <0.001 | |||||
| Current | 26 (9) | 17 (12) | 9 (6) | 15 (10) | 11 (8) | ||
| Former | 131 (45) | 56 (40) | 75 (48) | 86 (56) | 45 (32) | ||
| Never | 137 (47) | 66 (47) | 71 (46) | 53 (34) | 84 (60) | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 188 (64) | 99 (71) | 89 (57) | 0.01 | 91 (59) | 97 (69) | 0.07 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128.1 ± 17.4 | 130.0 ± 17.3 | 126.4 ± 17.3 | 0.08 | 127.8 ± 16.6 | 128.3 ± 18.2 | 0.8 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71.1 ± 9.6 | 72.2 ± 9.1 | 70.2 ± 9.9 | 0.07 | 72.4 ± 9.4 | 69.7 ± 9.7 | 0.02 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 73 (25) | 47 (34) | 26 (17%) | 0.001 | 43 (28) | 30 (21) | 0.2 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 104.9 ± 36.4 | 110.2 ± 38.4 | 100.2 ± 34.0 | 0.02 | 101.8 ± 35.9 | 108.4 ± 36.8 | 0.1 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 55.4 ± 18.1 | 55.3 ± 20.1 | 55.4 ± 16.2 | 0.9 | 49.1 ± 12.5 | 62.3 ± 20.6 | <0.001 |
| Taking lipid lowering medications, n (%) | 126 (43) | 4086 (55) | 8640 (29) | <0.001 | 70 (45) | 56 (40) | 0.3 |
| CVD (at exam 5), n (%) | 14 (5) | 7 (5) | 7 (5) | 0.8 | 11 (7) | 3 (2) | 0.04 |
| Weight (kg) | 84.6 ± 17.1 | 87.1 ± 16.8 | 82.3 ± 17.1 | 0.02 | 91.1 ± 15.0 | 77.4 ± 16.3 | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 168.5 ± 9.7 | 168.7 ± 9.5 | 168.4 ± 10.0 | 0.8 | 175.5 ± 7.0 | 160.9 ± 5.7 | <0.001 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.94 ± 0.22 | 1.97 ± 0.20 | 1.92 ± 0.23 | 0.06 | 2.07 ± 0.17 | 1.81 ± 0.18 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.7 ± 5.4 | 30.6 ± 5.8 | 28.9 ± 4.9 | 0.005 | 29.6 ± 4.7 | 29.9 ± 6.0 | 0.6 |
| Extracellular volume (L) | 16.6 ± 4.2 | 17.2 ± 4.3 | 16.1 ± 4.1 | 0.02 | 18.4 ± 3.9 | 14.6 ± 3.5 | <0.001 |
| Extracellular volume (L/kg) | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 0.5 | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 0.19 ± 0.04 | 0.003 |
| Measured GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 72.6 ± 18.8 | 74.1 ± 19.7 | 71.2 ± 17.9 | 0.2 | 77.0 ± 19.6 | 67.7 ± 16.6 | <0.001 |
| Measured GFR (mL/min) | 82.1 ± 25.6 | 84.8 ± 26.0 | 79.7 ± 25.1 | 0.09 | 92.3 ± 26.1 | 70.9 ± 19.8 | <0.001 |
| Urine ACR (mg/g), median (IQR) | 10.0 (5.8–20.9) | 8.6 (5.0–20.0) | 11.1 (6.6–20.9) | 0.5 | 9.4 (5.0–26.3) | 10.5 (6.6–19.0) | 0.4 |
| Urine albumin (mg/L), median (IQR) | 8.0 (4.0–20.0) | 9.0 (4.0–19.0) | 8.0 (3.0–20.0) | 0.4 | 8.0 (4.0–27.5) | 8.0 (3.0–15.0) | 0.6 |
| Urine creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 90 (48–138) | 107 (59–157) | 70 (42–125) | <0.001 | 97 (57–152) | 74 (38–127) | 0.02 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD, unless stated otherwise. LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; IQR, interquartile range.