Fig. 5.

Dual-LUC assay of AaAPK1 and AabZIP1 transiently expressed in tobacco leaves. (A) Diagrams of the effector and reporter constructs used in the dual-LUC assay: both were transferred into A. tumefaciens GV3101 and co-infiltrated into leaves of N. benthamiana. The effects of AaAPK1, AabZIP1, and their combination on the activities of the promoters of the artemisinin biosynthesis genes ADS (B), CYP71AV1 (C), DBR2 (D), and ALDH1 (E) are shown as relative LUC activity. The values were determined by calculating the ratio of LUC activity to REN activity (LUC/REN) and then compared with the 35S::YFP control. Different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) as determined by t-tests. + indicates that the gene of interest was expressed in tobacco cells; – indicates that the gene of interest was not expressed. Data are means ±SD (n=3). (This figure is available in colour at JXB online.)