Table 3.

Temporal trends in mortality risk, Stratified by Sex, Educational Level and age

	Cases/N	5-year hazard ratio (95% CI)a
		Epoch 1 (1977–1983)	Epoch 2 (1986–1991)	Epoch 3 (1992–1998)	Epoch 4 (2004–2008)
Overall mortality	983/8,779	Ref	0.67 (0.59–0.84)	0.62 (0.51–0.74)	0.70 (0.55–0.81)
By Sex
Women	468/5,049	Ref	0.66 (0.51–0.86)	0.58 (0.45–0.76)	0.66 (0.50–0.87)
Men	515/3,730	Ref	0.74 (0.58–0.94)	0.65 (0.50–0.83)	0.69 (0.53–0.89)
By Education level
No HSb degree	299/1,831	Ref	0.85 (0.64–1.13)	0.77 (0.56–1.07)	0.56 (0.34–0.89)
HS degree	684/6,948	Ref	0.63 (0.50–0.79)	0.56 (0.45–0.70)	0.65 (0.52–0.80)
By age at baseline
<80 years old	586/7,438	Ref	0.69 (0.55–0.86)	0.68 (0.55–0.86)	0.67 (0.53–0.86)
≥80 years old	397/1,341	Ref	0.73 (0.53–1.00)	0.53 (0.38–0.73)	0.65 (0.48–0.88)

Note: ^aComputed from delayed entry Cox models adjusted for sex, and education.

^bHS = High school.