Table 1.
Characteristics of the study cohort by dietary mineral intakes less or greater than daily recommended dietary allowance.
| Calcium, Ca (mg) | Phosphorus, P (mg) | Magnesium, Mg (mg) | Iron, Fe (mg) | Zinc, Zn (mg) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||||||
| Demographics (%) | <1,000 | ≥1,000 | <700 | ≥700 | <310 | ≥310 | <18 | ≥18 | <8 | ≥8 |
| N (%) | 226(87.3) | 33(12.7) | 36(13.9) | 223(86.1) | 231(89.2) | 28(10.8) | 233(90.0) | 26(10.0) | 136(52.5) | 123(47.5) |
| Age, years: mean ± SD | 27.0±8.1 | 29.6±8.7 | 24.8±7.1 | 27.7±8.3 | 27.2±8.1 | 27.7±9.2 | 27.1±8.0 | 28.9±9.6 | 25.9±7.5 | 28.8±8.7 |
| BMI, kg/m2: mean ± SD | 24.0±3.8 | 24.6±4.3 | 24.6±4.0 | 24.0±3.8 | 24.2±3.8 | 23.4±4.3 | 24.1±3.9 | 24.2±3.5 | 23.8±3.6 | 24.3±4.1 |
| Race | ||||||||||
| White | 55.3 | 87.9 | 22.2 | 65.5 | 56.3 | 85.7 | 57.9 | 73.1 | 45.6 | 74.8 |
| Black | 22.6 | 0.0 | 41.7 | 16.1 | 20.8 | 10.7 | 21.0 | 7.7 | 25.0 | 13.8 |
| Other | 22.1 | 12.1 | 36.1 | 18.4 | 22.9 | 3.6 | 21.0 | 19.2 | 29.4 | 11.4 |
| Physical Activity | ||||||||||
| Low | 10.6 | 3.0 | 11.1 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 7.1 | 10.3 | 3.9 | 11.8 | 7.3 |
| Moderate | 35.0 | 39.4 | 44.4 | 34.1 | 34.6 | 42.9 | 34.8 | 42.3 | 39.7 | 30.9 |
| High | 54.4 | 57.6 | 44.4 | 56.5 | 55.4 | 50.0 | 54.9 | 53.9 | 48.5 | 61.8 |
| ≤ High school education | 13.3 | 9.1 | 16.7 | 12.1 | 13.9 | 3.6 | 13.3 | 7.7 | 11.0 | 14.6 |
| Current smoker | 4.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 0.0 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 4.9 |
| Married | 23.9 | 36.4 | 5.6 | 28.7 | 24.2 | 35.7 | 25.8 | 23.1 | 22.8 | 28.5 |
| Nulliparous | 74.3 | 57.6 | 83.3 | 70.4 | 72.7 | 67.9 | 72.1 | 73.1 | 80.9 | 62.6 |
| Past OC Use | 52.7 | 63.6 | 27.8 | 58.3 | 53.7 | 57.1 | 53.7 | 57.7 | 49.3 | 59.4 |
| N (%) | (39.0) | (61.0) | (15.4) | (84.6) | (6.2) | (93.8) | (1.9) | (98.1) | (74.9) | (25.1) |
| Age, years: mean ± SD | 26.8±8.4 | 27.6±8.1 | 25.8±8.2 | 27.6±8.2 | 26.2±7.1 | 27.4±8.3 | 25±5.1 | 27.3±8.3 | 26.4±7.8 | 30.0±8.8 |
| BMI, kg/m2: mean ± SD | 24.3±3.8 | 23.9±3.9 | 24.6±3.9 | 24.0±3.9 | 24.3±4.2 | 24.1±3.8 | 24±4.4 | 24.1±3.9 | 24±3.8 | 24±4.1 |
| Race | ||||||||||
| White | 42.6 | 70.3 | 50.0 | 61.2 | 50.0 | 60.1 | 40.0 | 59.8 | 51.0 | 84.6 |
| Black | 34.7 | 10.1 | 32.5 | 17.4 | 18.8 | 19.8 | 20.0 | 19.7 | 25.3 | 3.1 |
| Other | 22.8 | 19.6 | 17.5 | 21.5 | 31.3 | 20.2 | 40.0 | 20.5 | 23.7 | 12.3 |
| Physical Activity | ||||||||||
| Low | 14.9 | 6.3 | 17.5 | 8.2 | 6.3 | 9.9 | 0.0 | 9.8 | 11.3 | 4.6 |
| Moderate | 32.7 | 37.3 | 30.0 | 36.5 | 50.0 | 34.6 | 20.0 | 35.8 | 35.1 | 36.9 |
| High | 52.5 | 56.3 | 52.5 | 55.3 | 43.8 | 55.6 | 80.0 | 54.3 | 53.6 | 58.5 |
| ≤ High school education | 17.8 | 9.5 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 20.0 | 12.6 | 16.0 | 3.1 |
| Current smoker | 2.0 | 5.1 | 0.0 | 4.6 | 0.0 | 4.1 | 0.0 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 4.6 |
| Married | 19.8 | 29.1 | 17.5 | 26.9 | 12.5 | 26.3 | 20.0 | 25.6 | 21.1 | 38.5 |
| Nulliparous | 75.3 | 70.3 | 75.0 | 71.7 | 75.0 | 72.0 | 80.0 | 72.1 | 75.8 | 61.5 |
| Past OC Use | 47.5 | 58.2 | 37.5 | 57.1 | 37.5 | 55.1 | 60.0 | 53.9 | 49.5 | 67.7 |
Note: Cycle-averaged daily intake of dietary potassium was categorized by the US average intake (e.g., 2,227 mg). P-values for continuous variables were calculated using Student’s t-test, and for categorical variables using Fisher’s exact test. Statistically significant differences are in bold (p<0.05).
BMI, body mass index; OC, oral contraceptive; SD, standard deviation.