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. 2018 Jun 25;15:27. doi: 10.1186/s12989-018-0264-2

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 6 — PM_2.5 induces mRNA expression of TGFβ1 and IL-6 in lungs and hearts of mice. mRNA expression of TGFβ1 and IL-6 in lungs (a, c) and hearts (b, d) were detected by qPCR. GAPDH was used as the internal control. The mean expression in each treated group was shown as a fold change compared to the mean expression in each control group, which had been calculated as target gene /GAPDH and ascribed an arbitrary value of 1. Each column and bar represents the mean ± SE (n = 6–9). TGFβ1, transforming growth factor β1; IL-6, interleukin-6. *P < 0.05 vs. age-matched control by two-way ANOVA and Turkey’s post hoc tests; & P < 0.05 vs. 4-week-old PM_2.5 group; # P < 0.05 vs. 4-month-old PM_2.5 group by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc tests