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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 26.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Nano. 2018 Mar 20;12(4):3378–3384. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08965

Scheme 1. Newly discovered mechanism of sepsis.

Scheme 1

Peritoneal B1a cells are activated by pathogens and give rise to IL-3+ B cells (IRA, innate response activator). IL-3 acts on hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPC) to promote the emergency generation of inflammatory leukocytes that are released into the circulation. This leads to an uncontrolled cytokine storm, multiple organ failure, and septic shock that may result in death.