Table 1. Demographic, clinical and microbiological characteristics of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients.
| Characteristics | N (%) | Characteristics | N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | Patient category | ||
| 15–35 | 162 (68.9) | RR TB | 95 (40.4) |
| 36–55 | 65 (27.7) | MDR TB | 137 (58.3) |
| >55 | 8 (3.4) | Presumptive MDR TB | 3 (1.3) |
| Sex | Previous history of TB | ||
| Female | 93 (39.6) | New MDR case | 20 (8.5) |
| Male | 142 (60.4) | Previously treated with FLDs only (including STM) | 215 (91.5) |
| Residence | Resistance to RIF | ||
| Urban | 132 (56.2) | Yes | 232 (98.7) |
| Rural | 103 (43.8) | Unknown | 3 (1.3) |
| Weight (kg) | Resistance to INH | ||
| < 40 | 52 (22.1) | Yes | 137 (58.3) |
| ≥ 40 | 172 (73.2) | Unknown | 98 (41.7) |
| Missing | 11 (4.6) | ||
| Alcohol use | ALT level (U/L) at baseline | ||
| Yes | 44 (18.7) | Normal (7–56) | 207 (88.1) |
| No | 218 (81.3) | Abnormal (>56) | 9 (3.8) |
| Missing | 19 (8.1) | ||
| Smoking habit | AST level (U/L) at baseline | ||
| Yes | 17 (7.2) | Normal (10–40) | 189 (80.4) |
| No | 218 (92.8) | Abnormal (>40) | 29 (12.3) |
| Missing | 17 (7.2) | ||
| Chat chewing habit | 6 month Mortality (rate) | ||
| Yes | 13 (5.5) | Yes | 22 (9.4) |
| No | 222 (94.5) | No | 213 (90.6) |
| BMI category | K+ level (mmol/L) | ||
| <18.5 | 151 (64.3) | Normal (3.5–5) | 162 (68.9) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 73 (31.1) | Low (<3.5) | 30 (12.8) |
| Missing | 11 (4.6) | High (>5) | 5 (2.1) |
| Missing | 38 (16.2) | ||
| HIV status | Na+ level (mmol/L) | ||
| Positive | 61 (26) | Normal | 53 (22.6) |
| Negative | 162 (68.9) | Low | 24 (10.2) |
| Unknown | 12 (5.1) | High | 4 (1.7) |
| Missing | 154 (65.5) | ||
| ART initiation | Creatinine level (mg/dl, sex) | ||
| ART before MDR TB therapy | 54 (88.5) | Normal (0.6–1.2 or 0.5–1.1) | 161 (68.5) |
| ART while MDR TB therapy | 2 (3.3) | Low (<0.6 or <0.5) | 48 (20.4) |
| ART after MDR TB therapy | 4 (6.6) | High (>1.2 or >1.1) | 11 (4.7) |
| No ART Initiation | 1 (0.4) | Missing | 15 (6.4) |
| Co-morbidity other than HIV | Smear status at baseline | ||
| No co-morbidity | 227 (96.6) | Negative | 59 (25.1) |
| Diabetes | 5 (2.1) | Scanty (1–9 AFB/HPF) | 11 (4.7) |
| COPD | 1 (0.4) | 1+ | 70 (29.8) |
| Fungus infection | 2 (0.9) | 2+ | 46 (19.6) |
| 3+ | 49 (20.9) | ||
| Treatment regimen composition | Treatment outcome (n = 194) | ||
| Z-Cm-Lfx-Pto (Eto)-Cs | 181 (77) | Cured | 126 (64.9) |
| Z-E-Cm-Lfx-Pto (Eto)-Cs | 12 (5.1) | Completed | 14 (7.2) |
| Z-E-Cm-Lfx-Pto/Eto | 5 (2.1) | Died | 27 (13.9) |
| Z-E-Km(Am)-Lfx-Eto-Cs | 33 (14) | Failure | 2 (1) |
| Others | 4 (1.7) | Rx non-completion | 25 (12.9) |
| Years of treatment (Rx) started | Treatment success rate (n = 194) | ||
| 2011 | 27 (11.5) | Successful | 140 (72.2) |
| 2012 | 24 (10.2) | ||
| 2013 | 68 (29.8) | Poor | 54 (27.8) |
| 2014 | 55 (23.4) | ||
| 2015 | 44 (18.7) | ||
| 2016 | 17 (7.2) |
BMI- Body mass index, Rx- Treatment, HIV- Human immunodeficiency virus, ART- Anti-retroviral therapy, COPD- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FLD- First line drugs, MDR-TB- Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, RR- Rifampicin mono-resistance, RIF- Rifampicin, INH- Isoniazid, E- Ethambutol, Z- Pyrazinamide, STM- Streptomycin, Cm- Capreomycin, Km-Kanamycin, Am-Amikacin, Eto-Ethionamide, Pto- prothionamide, Cs- Cycloserine, Lfx- Levofloxacin, AST- Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT- Alanine transaminase, U/L-Unit per litter, mg/dl- milligram per deciliter, mmol/L- Millimol per litter